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| United Kingdom | Plants and Animal | Back to Top |
England, like most of the island of Great Britain, was heavily forested, chiefly with oak and beech in the lowlands and pine and birch in the mountainous areas. Woodlands now constitute about 8 % of the total land area. Various types of fruit trees are cultivated, including the cherry, apple, and plum. A common shrub is a species of furze known locally as gorse. Numerous varieties of wildflowers are also found. An around 30,000 animal species live in Britain, although many have limited distribution and are on the endangered list. Britain has many smaller mammals, and the larger ones tend to be gentle. The only surviving large mammals are red deer, which live in the Scottish Highlands and in Exmoor in southwestern England, and roe deer, found in the woodlands of Scotland and southern England. Semiwild ponies also inhabit Exmoor and the Shetland Islands. At one time wild boars and wolves roamed Britain, but they were hunted to extinction.
| United Kingdom | Communications | Back to Top |
general assessment: technologically advanced domestic and international system
domestic: equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems
international: 40 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers
| United Kingdom | Culture | Back to Top |
The megaliths at Stonehenge and a past history temple found at Stanton Drew in 1997 attest to the early presence of an able people, as do early historical and archaeological reports, but the first lasting determine on English culture was contributed by the Celts. Roads and ruins bear witness to the Roman occupation, which began with the invasion of Julius Caesar in 55 bc and extended until the 5th century ad. Christianity was introduced by Roman soldiers but made little headway with the populace, and its spread awaited the reached of Saint Augustine, first archbishop of Canterbury, in the 6th century.
A major task for William the Conqueror and his successors was the amalgamation of Norman and Saxon and their common defense against warlike factions in Scotland, Wales, and Scandinavia. A stable social order directed toward these goals evolved slowly; elements of it still persist today. For example, both the strong class system of the English and their hereditary peerage have their roots in the Norman time.
| United Kingdom | Defence | Back to Top |
Military branches: Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 14,599,199 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 12,139,930 (2001 est.)
| United Kingdom | International Disputes | Back to Top |
Northern Ireland issue with Ireland (historic peace agreement signed 10 April 1998); Gibraltar issue with Spain; Argentina claims Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas); Argentina claims South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Mauritius and the Seychelles claim Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory); Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark and Iceland; territorial claim in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory) overlaps Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim; disputes with Iceland, Denmark, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200 NM
| United Kingdom | Economy | Back to Top |
About 80 % of the land in Wales is used for agricultural purposes. In general the raising of farm animal, mainly beef and dairy cattle and sheep, is more valuable than crop cultivation. Crops include barley, oats, potatoes, and hay. Forests cover about 12 % of the land, and government reforestation programs are gradually increasing the area. The fishing industry is concentrated along the Bristol Channel.
Many aspects of the economy of Scotland are covered in the article on the United Kingdom. The currency of Britain is the legal tender of Scotland. Both agriculture and industry are valuable in the economy of Scotland. The chief exports are petroleum and natural gas and manufactured goods, particularly burlap, clothing, machinery, textiles, and whiskey. The chief imports are food and iron. The center of Scottish trade unionism is the Scottish Trades Union Congress, with an affiliated membership of more than 980,000.
Britain had the world’s leading economy: Its overseas trade thrived, its standard of living rose steadily, and its citizens pioneered industrial innovations. With the growth of the economies of other nations in the 20th century, the British economy remained comparatively strong. It has continued to grow, and Britain remains a major producer of industrial goods and provider of services, as well as a center of world trade and finance. In the 20th century, Britons saw their per capita disposable income triple, an accomplishment all the more remarkable considering Britain’s size and limited natural resources. The skills and ingenuity of Britain’s highly trained workers, managers, and entrepreneurs have enabled the British economy to function well and offer for its large population.
The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, deploys an essentially capitalistic economy, one of the quartet of trillion dollar economies of Western Europe. Over the past two decades the government has greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy production accounts for 10% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance. The economy has grown steadily, at just above or below 3%, for the last several years. The BLAIR government has put off the question of participation in the euro system until after the next election, in June of 2001; Chancellor of the Exchequer BROWN has identified some key economic tests to determine whether the UK should join the common currency system, but it will largely be a political decision. A serious short-term problem is foot-and-mouth disease, which by early 2001 had broken out in nearly 600 farms and slaughterhouses and had resulted in the killing of 400,000 animals.
| United Kingdom | Education | Back to Top |
1902 act also accomplished scholarships for secondary education. An education act passed in 1944 and administered by the newly created Ministry of Education accomplished free and compulsory secondary education up to age 15; this was increased to age 16 in 1973. An education reform act in 1988 allowed individual schools to control their own affairs and budgets, free from LEAs, and to obtain grants directly from the government. It also accomplished a controversial national curriculum, which was simplified in 1994 after complaints about its complexity. Legislation pertaining to education is laden with controversies because of education’s importance in Britain.
| United Kingdom | Government | Back to Top |
The United Kingdom does not have a written constitution. The equivalent body of law is based on statute, common law, and "orthodox rights." Changes may come about formally through new acts of Parliament, informally through the acceptance of new practices and usage, or by judicial precedents. Although Parliament has the theoretical power to make or repeal any law, in actual practice the weight of 700 years of tradition restrains arbitrary actions.
administrator government rests nominally with the Monarch but actually is exercised by a committee of ministers (cabinet) traditionally selected from among the members of the House of Commons and, to a lesser extent, the House of Lords. The prime minister is normally the leader of the largest party in the Commons, and the government is dependent on its support.
Parliament represents the entire nation and can legislate for the whole or for any constituent part or combination of parts. The maximum parliamentary term is 5 years, but the prime minister may ask the Monarch to dissolve Parliament and call a general election at any time. The focus of legislative power is the 659-member House of Commons, which has sole jurisdiction over finance. The House of Lords, although shorn of most of its powers, can still review, amend, or delay temporarily any bills except those relating to the budget. The House of Lords has more time than the House of Commons to pursue one of its more valuable functions--debating public issues. In 1999, the government removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to hold seats in the House of Lords. The current house consists of appointed life peers who hold their seats for life and 92 hereditary peers who will hold their seats only until final reforms have been agreed upon and implemented. The judiciary is independent of the legislative and administrator branches but cannot review the constitutionality of legislation.
The separate identities of each of the United Kingdom's constituent parts also is reflected in their respective governmental structures. Up until the recent devolution of power to Scotland and Wales, a cabinet minister (the Secretary of State for Wales) handled Welsh affairs at the national level with the advice of a broadly representative council for Wales. Scotland maintains, as it did before union with England, different systems of law (Roman-French), education, local government, judiciary, and national church (the Church of Scotland instead of the Church of England). In addition, separate departments grouped under a Secretary of State for Scotland, who also is a Cabinet member, handled most domestic matters. In late 1997, following approval of referenda by Scottish and Welsh voters (though only narrowly in Wales), the British Government introduced legislation to establish a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly. The first elections for the two bodies were held May 6, 1999. The Welsh Assembly opened on May 26, and the Scottish Parliament opened on July 1, 1999. The devolved legislatures have largely taken over most of the functions previously performed by the Scottish and Welsh offices.
Northern Ireland had its own Parliament and prime minister from 1921 to 1973, when the British Government imposed direct rule in order to deal with the deteriorating political and security situation. From 1973, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, based in London, was responsible for the region, including efforts to resolve the issues that lay behind the "the troubles."
By the mid-1990s, gestures toward peace promoted by successive British governments and by President Clinton began to open the door for restored local government in Northern Ireland. An IRA cease-fire and nearly 2 years of multiparty negotiations, led by former U.S. Senator George Mitchell, resulted in the Good Friday Agreement of April 10, 1998, which was consequently approved by majorities in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Key elements of the agreement include devolved government, a commitment of the parties to work toward "total disarmament of all paramilitary organizations," police reform, and enhanced mechanisms to guarantee human rights and equal opportunity. The Good Friday Agreement also called for formal cooperation between the Northern Ireland institutions and the Government of the Republic of Ireland, and it accomplished the British-Irish Council, which includes representatives of the British and Irish Governments as well as the devolved Governments of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Devolved government was reaccomplished in Northern Ireland in December 1999.
The Good Friday Agreement provides for a 108-member elected Assembly, overseen by a 12-minister administrator Committee (cabinet) in which unionists and nationalists share leadership responsibility. Northern Ireland elects 18 representatives to the Westminster Parliament in London. the two Sinn Fein MPs, who won seats in the last election, have refused to claim their seats. The Good Friday Agreement also called for formal cooperation between the Northern Ireland institutions and the Government of the Republic of Ireland, and it accomplished the British-Irish Council, which includes representatives of the British and Irish Governments as well as the devolved Governments of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.
Progress has been made on each of the key elements of the Good Friday Agreement. Most notably, a new police force has been instituted; the IRA has undertaken two acts of decommissioning of its weapons, and some measures to normalize the security situation in Northern Ireland have been taken. Disagreements over the implementation of elements of the agreement and allegations about the IRA's continued engagement in paramilitary activity, continue to trouble the peace process. In October 2002, Northern Ireland's devolved institutions were inactive amid allegations of IRA intelligence gathering at Stormont, the seat of Northern Ireland's government. Assembly elections scheduled for May 2003 were postponed. The British Government is working closely with the Irish Government and Northern Ireland political parties to create the conditions that would allow elections and the restoration of devolved government to take place.
The United States remains firmly committed to the peace process in Northern Ireland and to the Good Friday Agreement, which it views as the best means to ensure lasting peace. The United States has condemned all acts of terrorism and violence, perpetrated by any group.
The United States also is committed to Northern Ireland's economic development and to date has given or pledged contributions of more than $300 million to the International Fund for Ireland. The fund provides grants and loans to businesses to improve the economy, redress inequalities of employment opportunity, and improve cross-border business and community ties.
| United Kingdom | History | Back to Top |
The Roman invasion of Britain in 55 BC and most of Britain's consequent incorporation into the Roman Empire stimulated development and brought more active contacts with the rest of Europe. As Rome's strength declined, the nation again was exposed to invasion--including the pivotal incursions of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes in the fifth and sixth centuries AD--up to the Norman conquest in 1066. Norman rule effectively ensured Britain's safety from further intrusions; certain institutions, which remain characteristic of Britain, could develop. Among these are a political, administrative, cultural, and economic center in London; a separate but accomplished church; a system of common law; typical and distinguished university education; and representative government.
In 1926, the United Kingdom, completing a process begun a century earlier, granted Australia, Canada, and New Zealand complete autonomy within the empire. They became charter members of the British Commonwealth of Nations (now known as the Commonwealth), an informal but closely knit association that succeeded the empire. Beginning with the freedom of India and Pakistan in 1947, the remainder of the British Empire was almost completely dismantled. Today, most of Britain's former colonies belong to the Commonwealth, almost all of them as independent members. There are, 13 former British colonies--including Bermuda, Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands, and others--which have elected to continue their political links with London and are known as United Kingdom Overseas Territories.
Although often marked by economic and political nationalism, the Commonwealth offers the United Kingdom a voice in matters concerning many developing countries. In addition, the Commonwealth helps preserve many institutions deriving from British experience and models, such as parliamentary democracy, in those countries.
| United Kingdom | Introduction | Back to Top |
United Kingdom, officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, island nation and constitutional monarchy in north-western Europe, member of the EU and Commonwealth of Nations. The United Kingdom lies entirely within and constitutes the greater part of the British Isles. Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles and so called to distinguish it from Brittany, or "Little Britain". It comprises, together with numerous smaller islands-including the Isle of Wight, Anglesey, and the Scilly, Orkney, Shetland, and Hebridean archipelagos-the formerly separate realms of England and Scotland, and the principality of Wales. Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, occupies the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland. The United Kingdom is bordered to the south by the English Channel, which separates it from continental Europe, to the east by the North Sea, and to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean; the only land border is between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 241,752 sq km (93,341 sq mi). The capital and largest city is London.
Population 58,784,000 (1996 estimate) Population Density 242 people/sq km (627 people/sq mi) (1996 estimate) Urban/Rural Breakdown 90%Urban 10%Rural Largest Cities London (Greater)7,007,100 Birmingham1,017,500 Leeds725,000 Glasgow674,800 Sheffield528,500 (1995 estimates) Ethnic Groups 94.5%English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish 5.5%Other including Indians, West Indians, Pakistanis, Chinese, Africans, Languages Official Language English Other Languages Welsh, Scots-Gaelic, other minority languages Religions 54%Anglicanism 13%Roman Catholicism 33%Other including other Protestant denominations, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism
| United Kingdom | Land | Back to Top |
N/A
| United Kingdom | Languages | Back to Top |
English is the official language of the United Kingdom and is the first language of the large majority of its citizens. The use of language is extremely valuable to Britain’s class structure. Some educated English people, regardless of their class origin, strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound like educated English-speaking people. Some people in England regard regional accents and slang as substandard.
| United Kingdom | Legal | Back to Top |
Legal system: common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental determines; no judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; British courts and legislation are increasingly subject to review by European Union courts vote: 18 years of age; universal administrator branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948) head of government: Prime Minister Anthony C. L. (Tony) BLAIR (since 2 May 1997) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the prime minister is the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons (assuming there is no majority party, a prime minister would have a majority coalition or at least a coalition that was not rejected by the majority) Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament comprised of House of Lords (consists of around 500 life peers, 92 hereditary peers and 26 clergy) and House of Commons (659 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms unless the House is broken earlier) elections: House of Lords - no elections (some proposals for further reform include elections); House of Commons - last held 7 June 2001 (next to be held by NA May 2006) election results: House of Commons - % of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Labor 412, Conservative and Unionist 166, Liberal Democrat 52, other 29 note: in 1998 elections were held for a Northern Ireland Parliament (because of unresolved disputes among existing parties, the transfer of power from London to Northern Ireland came only at the end of 1999 and was rescinded in February 2000); in 1999 there were elections for a new Scottish Parliament and a new Welsh Assembly Judicial branch: House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life); Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary
| United Kingdom | Life | Back to Top |
British society is increasingly middle class in numbers and outlook, and maintaining a high standard of living is a top priority. Material possessions, such as the family home, car, appliances, and clothes, are valuable, and many families take vacations abroad. The well-being of children is highly regarded, and British middle-class families often make substantial investments in order to offer the best education and life-envaluableing opportunities for their children. British houses are made with concrete blocks or concrete-like building materials because the dampness of the climate causes wood to rot. Central heating is now widespread; previously, individual fires or heating devices were used.
| United Kingdom | organization | Back to Top |
AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECA (associate), ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, EU, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC
| United Kingdom | People | Back to Top |
The great majority of the people of England, like those of the British Isles in general, are descended from early Celtic and Iberian peoples and later invaders of the islands, including the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Danes, and Normans. After 1945 substantial numbers of blacks and Asians immigrated into the nation. England, once a nation of small rural villages, has become highly urban since the early 19th century. For information on language and literature, see English Language; English Literature.
The population of England in 1996 was 49,089,000. The overall population density of about 376 persons per sq km was one of the highest in the world.A group of islands close to continental Europe, the British Isles have been subject to many invasions and migrations, particularly from Scandinavia and the continent, including Roman occupation for several centuries. Contemporary Britons are descended mainly from the varied ethnic stocks that settled there before the 11th century. The pre-Celtic, Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Norse determines were blended in Britain under the Normans, Scandinavian Vikings who had lived in Northern France. Although Celtic languages persist in Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, the predominant language is English, which is primarily a blend of Anglo-Saxon and Norman French.
| United Kingdom | Politics | Back to Top |
Conservative and Unionist Party [Iain Duncan SMITH]; Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Rev. Ian PAISLEY]; Labor Party [Anthony (Tony) Blair]; Liberal Democrats [Charles KENNEDY]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Ieuan Wyn JONES]; Scottish National Party or SNP [John SWINNEY]; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [John HUME]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [David TRIMBLE]
| United Kingdom | Provinces | Back to Top |
England - 47 boroughs, 36 counties*, 29 London boroughs**, 12 cities and boroughs***, 10 districts****, 12 cities*****, 3 royal boroughs******; Barking and Dagenham**, Barnet**, Barnsley, Bath and North East Somerset****, Bedfordshire*, Bexley**, Birmingham***, blackburn with Darwen, blackpool, Bolton, Bournemouth, Bracknell Forest, Bradford***, Brent**, Brighton and Hove, City of Bristol*****, Bromley**, Buckinghamshire*, Bury, Calderdale, Cambridgeshire*, Camden**, Cheshire*, Cornwall*, Coventry***, Croydon**, Cumbria*, Darlington, Derby*****, Derbyshire*, Devon*, Doncaster, Dorset*, Dudley, Durham*, Ealing**, East Riding of Yorkshire****, East Sussex*, Enfield**, Essex*, Gateshead, Gloucestershire*, Greenwich**, Hackney**, Halton, Hammersmith and Fulham**, Hampshire*, Haringey**, Harrow**, Hartlepool, Havering**, Herefordshire*, Hertfordshire*, Hillingdon**, Hounslow**, Isle of Wight*, Islington**, Kensington and Chelsea******, Kent*, City of Kingston upon Hull*****, Kingston upon Thames******, Kirklees, Knowsley, Lambeth**, Lancashire*, Leeds***, Leicester*****, Leicestershire*, Lewisham**, Lincolnshire*, Liverpool***, City of London*****, Luton, Manchester***, Medway, Merton**, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes, Newcastle upon Tyne***, Newham**, Norfolk*, Northamptonshire*, North East Lincolnshire****, North Lincolnshire****, North Somerset****, North Tyneside, Northumberland*, North Yorkshire*, Nottingham*****, Nottinghamshire*, Oldham, Oxfordshire*, Peterborough*****, Plymouth*****, Poole, Portsmouth*****, Reading, Redbridge**, Redcar and Cleveland, valuablemond upon Thames**, Rochdale, Rotherham, Rutland****, Salford***, Shropshire*, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield***, Slough, Solihull, Somerset*, Southampton*****, Southend-on-Sea, South Gloucestershire****, South Tyneside, Southwark**, Staffordshire*, St. Helens, Stockport, Stockton-on-Tees, Stoke-on-Trent*****, Suffolk*, Sunderland***, Surrey*, Sutton**, Swindon, Tameside, Telford and Wrekin****, Thurrock, Torbay, Tower Hamlets**, Trafford, Wakefield***, Walsall, Waltham Forest**, Wandsworth**, Warrington, Warwickshire*, West Berkshire****, Westminster***, West Sussex*, Wigan, Wiltshire*, Windsor and Maidenhead******, Wirral, Wokingham****, Wolverhampton, Worcestershire*, York*****; Northern Ireland - 24 districts, 2 cities*; Antrim, Ards, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge, Belfast*, Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Down, Dungannon, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Derry*, Magherafelt, Moyle, Newry and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, Strabane; Scotland - 32 council areas; Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, The Scottish Borders, Cdeficiencymannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, West Dunbartonshire, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), West Lothian; Wales - 11 county boroughs, 9 counties*, 2 cities and counties**; Isle of Anglesey*, Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff**, Ceredigion*, Carmarthenshire*, Conwy, Denbighshire*, Flintshire*, Gwynedd, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire*, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire*, Powys*, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea**, Torfaen, The Vale of Glamorgan*, Wrexham
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| United Kingdom | Time | Back to Top |
| United Kingdom | Currency and General Information | Back to Top |
| Countries Currency Unit | GBP/Unit | Units/GBP | |
| DZD | Algeria Dinars | 0.00905959 | 110.380 |
| USD | United States Dollars | 0.701330 | 1.42586 |
| ARS | Argentina Pesos | 0.238143 | 4.19916 |
| AUD | Australia Dollars | 0.374170 | 2.67258 |
| ATS | Austria Schillings ** | 0.0443933 | 22.5259 |
| BSD | Bahamas Dollars | 0.701330 | 1.42586 |
| BBD | Barbados Dollars | 0.352427 | 2.83746 |
| BEF | Belgium Francs ** | 0.0151430 | 66.0373 |
| BMD | Bermuda Dollars | 0.701330 | 1.42586 |
| BRL | Brazil Reals | 0.301647 | 3.31513 |
| GBP | United Kingdom Pounds | 1.00000 | 1.00000 |
| BGL | Bulgaria Leva | 0.313700 | 3.18776 |
| CAD | Canada Dollars | 0.439660 | 2.27448 |
| CLP | Chile Pesos | 0.00106837 | 936.007 |
| CNY | China Yuan Renminbi | 0.0847283 | 11.8024 |
| CYP | Cyprus Pounds | 1.06747 | 0.936791 |
| CZK | Czech Republic Koruny | 0.0197842 | 50.5453 |
| DKK | Denmark Kroner | 0.0822283 | 12.1613 |
| XCD | East Caribbean Dollars | 0.259752 | 3.84983 |
| EGP | Egypt Pounds | 0.151393 | 6.60530 |
| EUR | Euro | 0.610866 | 1.63702 |
| FJD | Fiji Dollars | 0.313794 | 3.18680 |
| FIM | Finland Markkaa ** | 0.102740 | 9.73329 |
| FRF | France Francs ** | 0.0931259 | 10.7382 |
| DEM | Germany Deutsche Marks ** | 0.312331 | 3.20174 |
| XAU | Gold Ounces | 211.974 | 0.00471756 |
| GRD | Greece Drachmae ** | 0.00179271 | 557.815 |
| HKD | Hong Kong Dollars | 0.0899187 | 11.1212 |
| HUF | Hungary Forint | 0.00251215 | 398.066 |
| ISK | Iceland Kronur | 0.00701374 | 142.577 |
| INR | India Rupees | 0.0143704 | 69.5877 |
| IDR | Indonesia Rupiahs | 0.0000713864 | 14,008.27 |
| IEP | Ireland Pounds ** | 0.775639 | 1.28926 |
| ILS | Israel New Shekels | 0.147868 | 6.76278 |
| ITL | Italy Lire ** | 0.000315486 | 3,169.72 |
| JMD | Jamaica Dollars | 0.0147307 | 67.8853 |
| JPY | Japan Yen | 0.00528707 | 189.141 |
| JOD | Jordan Dinars | 0.989182 | 1.01094 |
| LBP | Lebanon Pounds | 0.000463230 | 2,158.75 |
| LUF | Luxembourg Francs ** | 0.0151430 | 66.0373 |
| MYR | Malaysia Ringgits | 0.184609 | 5.41685 |
| MXN | Mexico Pesos | 0.0778363 | 12.8475 |
| NZD | New Zealand Dollars | 0.308924 | 3.23704 |
| NOK | Norway Kroner | 0.0792136 | 12.6241 |
| NLG | Netherlands Guilders ** | 0.277199 | 3.60752 |
| PKR | Pakistan Rupees | 0.0116791 | 85.6230 |
| PHP | Philippines Pesos | 0.0137462 | 72.7475 |
| XPT | Platinum Ounces | 363.975 | 0.00274744 |
| PLN | Poland Zlotych | 0.170567 | 5.86280 |
| PTE | Portugal Escudos ** | 0.00304698 | 328.193 |
| ROL | Romania Lei | 0.0000212944 | 46,960.76 |
| RUR | Russia Rubles | 0.0225363 | 44.3728 |
| SAR | Saudi Arabia Riyals | 0.187018 | 5.34707 |
| XAG | Silver Ounces | 3.24705 | 0.307972 |
| SGD | Singapore Dollars | 0.380702 | 2.62672 |
| SKK | Slovakia Koruny | 0.0146263 | 68.3702 |
| ZAR | South Africa Rand | 0.0617490 | 16.1946 |
| KRW | South Korea Won | 0.000530987 | 1,883.29 |
| ESP | Spain Pesetas ** | 0.00367138 | 272.377 |
| XDR | IMF Special Drawing Rights | 0.874430 | 1.14360 |
| SDD | Sudan Dinars | 0.00269742 | 370.724 |
| SEK | Sweden Kronor | 0.0676899 | 14.7732 |
| CHF | Switzerland Francs | 0.417144 | 2.39725 |
| TWD | Taiwan New Dollars | 0.0200667 | 49.8339 |
| THB | Thailand Baht | 0.0161034 | 62.0988 |
| TTD | Trinidad and Tobago Dollars | 0.114596 | 8.72627 |
| TRL | Turkey Liras | 0.000000521785 | 1,916,497.45 |
| VEB | Venezuela Bolivares | 0.000761661 | 1,312.92 |
| ZMK | Zambia Kwacha | 0.000156897 | 6,373.60 |
| United Kingdom : Geographic coordinates | 54 00 N, 2 00 W |
| United Kingdom : Population growth rate | 0.23% |
| United Kingdom : Birth rate | 11.54 births/1,000 population |
| United Kingdom : Death rate | 10.35 deaths/1,000 population |
| United Kingdom : People living with HIV/AIDS | 31,000 |
| United Kingdom : Independence | N/A |
| United Kingdom : National holiday | Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II |
| United Kingdom : Constitution | N/A |
| United Kingdom : GDP | purchasing power parity - $1.36 trillion |
| United Kingdom : GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $22,800 |
| United Kingdom : Electricity - consumption | 333.012 billion kWh |
| United Kingdom : Exports | $282 billion manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco |
| United Kingdom : Imports | $324 billion manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs |
| United Kingdom : Telephones | 34.878 million |
| United Kingdom : Mobile cellular | 13 million |
| United Kingdom : Radio broadcast stations | AM 219, FM 431, shortwave 3 |
| United Kingdom : Radios | 84.5 million |
| United Kingdom : Television broadcast stations | 228 |
| United Kingdom : Televisions | 30.5 million |
| United Kingdom : Internet country code | .uk |
| United Kingdom : Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 245 |
| United Kingdom : Internet users | 19.47 million |
| United Kingdom : Railways | 16,878 km |
| United Kingdom : Highways | 371,603 km |
| United Kingdom : Waterways | 3,200 km |
| United Kingdom : Pipelines | crude oil 933 km; petroleum products 2,993 km; natural gas 12,800 km |
| United Kingdom : Ports and harbors | Aberdeen, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, Dover, Falmouth, Felixstowe, Glasgow, Grangemouth, Hull, Leith, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Peterhead, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Scapa Flow, Southampton, Sullom Voe, Tees, Tyne |
| United Kingdom : Merchant marine | 200 ships |
| United Kingdom : Airports | 489 |
| United Kingdom : Heliports | 11 |
| United Kingdom : Military branches | Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force |
| United Kingdom : Military expenditures | $36.884 billion |