|
|
| Spain | Plants and Animal | Back to Top |
Spain has long been Western Europe's leading producer, and the world's foremost exporter, of oranges and mandarins. In the early 1960s, the production of these commodities averaged 1.8 million tons a year, and by the 1980s the annual yield averaged about 3 million tons. Grapefruit, lemons, and limes were also grown in quantity, but Spain was second to Italy among West European producers of these fruits. Spain's citrus groves, all under irrigation, were concentrated in Mediterranean coastal provinces, the Levante, primarily in a narrow coastal strip 500 kilometers in length extending from the province of Castellon to the province of Almeria. Some citrus fruit production also was found in Andalusia.
Spain was the world's leading producer and exporter of olives and olive oil, although in some years Italy showed higher production levels because Spanish harvests were notably vulnerable to insects, frost, and storm damage. Andalusia, where about one-half of the olive groves were found, is generally free of these hazards, but olives were grown in virtually every province except the humid north and the northwest. In the 1980s, olive production fluctuated wildly, ranging from 1.2 million to 3.3 million tons per year. Olive oil production was also volatile. Spain's olive production is affected by EC quotas, and past efforts to control overproduction have included the destruction of olive groves.
Spain's sheep population remained almost unchanged at about 17 million between 1970 and 1985. Sheep rearing precontrolled in central Spain and the Ebro Basin. Goats were kept in much the same area, but they were more prevalent in the higher, less grassy elevations because they can survive on poorer pasture. Merino sheep, the best known breed, were likely imported from North Africa, and they were well adapted to semiarid conditions. Merino sheep, famous for their fine wool, were widely used as stock for new breeds. Other prominent breeds were the churro and the manchegan. Although raised primarily for wool, milk, and cheese, Spanish farm animals, particularly sheep, were increasingly used to satisfy the nation's meat consumption needs.
| Spain | Communications | Back to Top |
generally sufficient, modern facilities; teledensity is 44 main lines for each 100 persons
domestic: NA
international: 22 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries
| Spain | Culture | Back to Top |
In the decade After The Death of Francisco Franco y Bahamonde in 1975, Spain experienced several powerful transformations. The political transition from a rigid dictatorship to an active parliamentary democracy was widely acknowledged as a highly remarkable event in West European history. Much more subtle, but equally remarkable in the long run, was Spain's social and economic transition, described as Spain's "economic miracle," which brought a comparatively isolated, conservative social order to the threshold of an advanced industrial democracy. In the decades after the 1930's Civil War, Spain still possessed the social structures and values of a orthodox, less developed nation. By the late 1980s, Spanish society had already taken on most of the principal characteristics of postindustrial Europe, including a declining rate of births and of population growth generally, an erosion of the nuclear family, a drop in the proportion of the work force in agriculture, and changes in the role of women in society.
In the late 1980s, Spain continued to rank at the low end of the list of advanced industrial democracies in terms of social welfare. Its citizens enjoyed the usual range of social welfare benefits, including health coverage, retirement benefits, and unemployment insurance, but coverage was less comprehensive than that in most other West European countries. The retirement system was under increasing pressure because of the aging population. Housing construction just barely managed to keep pace with rapid urbanization in the 1970s, and by the late 1980s the nation had to begin to address some of the "quality of life" issues connected with housing. The society ranked high on some indicators of health care, such as physician availability, but there were still residual health problems more reminiscent of the Third World, particularly a high incidence of communicable diseases. There were dramatic gains in reducing the infant mortality rate, but severe problems in the areas of public health, safety, and environmental concerns--industrial accidents and air, water, and noise pollution--were a direct outgrowth of uncontrolled, rapid industrialization.
| Spain | Defence | Back to Top |
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Civil Guard, National Police, Coastal Civil Guard
Military manpower - military age: 20 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 10,551,945 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 8,448,150 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 281,043 (2001 est.)
| Spain | International Disputes | Back to Top |
Gibraltar issue with UK; Spain controls five places of sovereignty (plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco - the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, which Morocco contests, as well as the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas
| Spain | Economy | Back to Top |
Spain has traditionally been an agricultural nation and is still one of the largest producers of farm commodities in Western Europe, but since the mid-1950s industrial growth has been rapid. A series of development plans, initiated in 1964, helped the economy to expand, but in the later 1970s an economic slowdown was brought on by rising oil costs and increased imports. consequently, the government emphasized the development of the steel, shipbuilding, textile, and mining industries. Spain derives much income from tourism. The gross domestic product in 1999 was $595.9 billion. The national budget in 1997 included revenues of $160.8 billion and expenditures of $183.8 billion. On January 1, 1986, Spain became a full member of the European Community.
The Spanish economy began to industrialize in the late 18th century, and industrialization and economic growth continued throughout the 19th century. it was limited to a few, comparatively small, areas of the nation, particularly to Catalonia (textiles) and the Basque nation (iron and steel). The overall pace of economic growth was slower than that in the major western European countries, so that by the early 20th century Spain appeared poor and underdeveloped compared with countries such as Great Britain, Germany, France, and even Italy.
Spain's mixed capitalist economy supports a GDP that on a per capita basis is 80% that of the four leading West European economies. Its center-right government successfully worked to gain admission to the first group of countries launching the European single currency on 1 January 1999. The AZNAR administration has continued to advocate liberalization, privatization, and deregulation of the economy and has introduced some tax reforms to that end. Unemployment has been steadily falling under the AZNAR administration but remains the highest in the EU at 14%. The government intends to make further progress in changing labor laws and reforming pension schemes, which are key to the sustainability of both Spain's internal economic advances and its competitiveness in a single currency area. Adjusting to the monetary and other economic policies of an integrated Europe - and further reducing unemployment - will pose challenges to Spain in the next few years.
| Spain | Education | Back to Top |
In the 1980s, Spain spent about 8 % of its national budget on education. In 1983 education expenditures amounted to only about US$120 per capita, which placed Spain forty-fifth in the world in per capita spending on education, far behind most other countries in Western Europe. In the government's 1988 budget, expenditures on education were scheduled to increase by 18 to 20 % over 1987, to about US$170 per person. Nevertheless, rapid increases in other areas meant that spending on education declined as a proportion of the total budget, to about 6.7%. This level of expenditure was not only too little in an advanced industrial society, but it was also distributed in a way that was skewed toward the expensive private-sector schools.
The golden age of Spanish education occurred during the Middle Ages, when the Moors, Christians, and Jews accomplished strong interreligious centers of higher education in Córdoba, Granada, and Toledo. The University of Salamanca served as a model for the universities of Latin America from the 16th century on, thereby extending the international determine of Spanish education. During the 16th century the University of Alcalá was famous for its multilingual, parallel translations of the Bible. valuable Spanish educators of that time include Juan de Huarte, a pioneer in the application of psychology to education; humanist and philosopher Juan Luis Vives, who interpreted new ideas on education and, in particular, advocated the education of women; and Saint Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus. Others who made valuable contributions to education in the 19th and 20th centuries include Francisco Giner de los Rios, who sought reforms in higher education and the schooling of women.
| Spain | Government | Back to Top |
National Government: Parliamentary monarchy with hereditary constitutional monarch as head of state. Under 1978 Constitution, power centered in bicameral legislature--the Cortes (comprising lower house, Congress of Deputies, and upper house, Senate). Both houses elected by universal vote every four years (unless parliament broken earlier by head of state), but 350-member Congress of Deputies uses proportional representation system, whereas Senate contains 208 members elected directly as well as 49 regional representatives. Congress of Deputies wields greater legislative power. Leader of dominant political party in Cortes designated prime minister and serves as head of government. Prime minister, deputy prime minister, and cabinet ministers together make up Council of Ministers, highest national administrator institution with both policy-making and administrative functions. Constitution also establishes independent judiciary. Judicial system headed by Supreme Court. Also includes territorial courts, regional courts, provincial courts, courts of first instance, and municipal courts. Constitutional Court resolves constitutional questions. Twenty-member General Council of the Judiciary appoints judges and maintains ethical standards within legal profession. Constitution also provides for public prosecutor and public defender to protect both rule of law and rights of citizens. In 1980s legal system plagued by severe shortage of funds, which resulted in persistent delays in bringing cases to trial. Major revision of Penal Code under way in late 1980s. Government staffed by professional civil service, traditionally inefficient and cumbersome. Attempts to reform and to streamline it under way since 1982 but not fully successful.
Regional Government: traditionally rigidly centralized, unitary state; 1978 Constitution recognizes and guarantees right to autonomy of nationalities and regions of which state is composed. In late 1980s, national territory separated among seventeen autonomous communities, each encompassing one or more previously existing provinces. Each autonomous community governed by statute of autonomy providing for unicameral legislative assembly elected by universal vote. Assembly members select president from their ranks. administrator and administrative power exercised by Council of Government, headed by president and responsible to assembly. Division of powers between central government and autonomous communities imprecise and ambiguous in late 1980s, but state had ultimate responsibility for financial matters and so could exercise a remarkable degree of control over autonomous community activities. Another means of control provided by presence in each region of central government delegate appointed by Council of Ministers to monitor regional activities. Provincial government remained centralized in late 1980s. Headed by civil governors appointed by prime minister, usually political appointees. Provincial government administered by provincial council elected from among subordinate municipal council members and headed by president. Special provisions for Basque provinces, singleprovince autonomous communities, and Balearic and Canary Islands, as well as North African enclaves.
National Politics: Following death of Francisco Franco y Bahamonde in November 1975, King Juan Carlos de Borbon engineered transition to democracy that resulted in transformation of dictatorial regime into pluralistic, parliamentary democracy. Prior to advent of participatory democracy, little political involvement by citizens. Under Franco, Spanish society essentially depoliticized. But after forty years without elections, parties revived and proliferated in months following Franco's death. In elections of June 1977, party receiving largest number of votes was Union of the Democratic Center (Union de Centro Democratico--UCD), a centrist coalition led by Adolfo Suarez Gonzalez. Leading opposition party Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol--PSOE) led by Felipe Gonzalez Marquez. nation increasingly disillusioned, by UCD government. UCD, essentially a pragmatic electoral coalition, never developed coherent political program. Its brief success due almost entirely to charisma of Suarez. In October 1982 elections, PSOE registered a sweeping victory. Role of opposition party went to conservative Popular Alliance (Alianza Popular--AP). PSOE able to form first majority one-party government since Civil War. Popularity of Socialist government confirmed in May 1983 municipal and regional elections. PSOE adopted generally pragmatic rather than ideological approach to pressing economic problems. Also undertook military and educational reforms, attempted to resolve problem of Basque terrorism, and sought to develop more active international role for Spain. Gonzalez called for early elections in June 1986, and, although losing some seats, PSOE retained control of Cortes. Official opposition embodied in Popular Coalition (Coalicion Popular--CP), which included AP, Popular Democratic Party (Partido Democrata Popular--PDP), and Liberal Party (Partido Liberal--PL). But 1986 elections also saw remarkable support for Democratic and Social Center (Centro Democratico y Social--CDS) under Suarez. Many observers believed CDS had potential to develop into major opposition party, given disarray at ends of political spectrum and growing move of party politics to center. After 1986 elections, Socialists faced increasing popular discontent, and polls suggested decline in confidence in Gonzalez.
Regional Politics: In addition to major national parties and their regional affiliates, political party system included numerous regional parties that participated in regional elections and, in the case of the larger parties, also in national elections. Most prominent mainstream parties were Basque Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Vasco--PNV) and Convergence and Union (Convergencia i Unio--CiU), a Catalan party. Catalan parties generally pragmatic and moderate, but some Basque parties regarded as extremist and leftist with ties to terrorist organizations.
Foreign Relations: traditionally isolated from mainstream European affairs. Neutral in both world wars and ostracized during early rule of Franco because of Franco's Fascist ties and dictatorial regime. But because of strategic location at western entrance to Mediterranean, drawn into United States orbit during Cold War. Signed defense agreement with United States in 1953, consequently renewed at regular intervals. Nevertheless, latent anti-Americanism persisted. Also permitted to join United Nations (UN). Following Franco's death in 1975, main diplomatic goal to establish closer ties with Western Europe and to be recognized as a West European democratic society. Became member of Council of Europe in 1977, EC in 1986, and Western European Union (WEU) in 1988. Had already joined North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1982, but membership controversial within Spain. Socialists initially opposed membership, but ultimately came to support limited membership, and public vote in March 1986 confirmed Spain's membership. Other major foreign policy objectives to increase Spanish determine in Latin America, to achieve return of sovereignty over Gibraltar to Spain, and to serve as bridge between Western Europe and Arab world, in which Spain had adopted generally pro-Arab stance. Latter goal complicated somewhat by Spain's involvement with Morocco in dispute over sovereignty of Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla.
| Spain | History | Back to Top |
The national history of Spain dates back to the fifth century A.D., when the Visigoths accomplished a Germanic successor state in the former Roman diocese of Hispania. contempt a time of internal political disunity during the Middle Ages, Spain nevertheless is one of the oldest nation-states in Europe. In the late fifteenth century, Spain acquired its current borders and was united under a personal union of crowns by Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile.For a time in the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries, Portugal was part of that Iberian federation.
West European governments refused to cooperate with an authoritarian regime in the immediate aftermath of World War II, and, in effect, they ostracized the nation from the region's political, economic, and defense organizations. With the onset of the Cold War, Spain's strategic importance for the defense of Western Europe outweighed other political considerations, and isolation of the Franco regime came to an end. Bilateral agreements, first negotiated in 1953, permitted the United States to maintain a chain of air and naval bases in Spain in support of the overall defense of Western Europe. Spain became a member of the United Nations in 1955 and joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1982.
| Spain | Introduction | Back to Top |
Spain (in Spanish, España), officially Kingdom of Spain, constitutional monarchy in south-west Europe, occupying the greater part of the Iberian Peninsula, and bordered on the north by the Bay of Biscay, France, and Andorra; on the east by the Mediterranean Sea; on the south by the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean; and on the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. The British dependency of Gibraltar is situated at the southern extremity of Spain. The Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa are governed as provinces of Spain. Also, Spain administers two small exclaves in Morocco-Ceuta and Melilla-as well as three island groups near Africa-Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera and the Alhucemas and Chafarinas islands. The area of Spain, including the African and insular territories, is 504,782 sq km (194,897 sq mi). Madrid is the capital and largest city.
Population 39,181,114 (1996 official estimate) Population Density 78 people/sq km (201 people/sq mi) (1996 estimate) Urban/Rural Breakdown 79%Urban 21%Rural Largest Cities Madrid3,029,734 Barcelona1,614,570 Valencia763,308 Seville719,590 (1995 estimate) Largest Metropolitan Areas Madrid5,181,659 Barcelona4,478,236 Valencia2,200,319 Seville1,719,446 (1995 estimate) Languages Official Language Castilian Spanish Other Languages Catalan, Basque, Galician Religions 97%Roman Catholicism 3%Other including Protestantism and Islam
| Spain | Land | Back to Top |
N/A
| Spain | Languages | Back to Top |
Most of the people of Spain speak Castilian Spanish. In addition, Catalan is spoken in the northeast, Galician (Gallego, akin to Portuguese) is spoken in the northwest, and Basque.
| Spain | Legal | Back to Top |
Legal system: civil law system, with regional applications; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction vote: 18 years of age; universal administrator branch: chief of state: King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975); Heir Apparent Prince FELIPE, son of the monarch, born 30 January 1968 head of government: President of the Government Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez (since 5 May 1996); First Vice President Juan Jose LUCAS (since 28 February 2000) and Second Vice President (and Minister of Economy) Rodrigo RATO Figaredo (since 5 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers designated by the president note: there is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the government elections: the monarch is hereditary; president proposed by the monarch and elected by the National Assembly following legislative elections; election last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004); vice presidents appointed by the monarch on proposal of the president election results: Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez (PP) elected president; % of National Assembly vote - 44% Legislative branch: bicameral; General Courts or National Assembly or Las Cortes Generales consists of the Senate or Senado (259 seats - 208 members directly elected by popular vote and the other 51 appointed by the regional legislatures to serve four-year terms) and the Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; members are elected by popular vote on block lists by proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004); Congress of Deputies - last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004) election results: Senate - % of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PP 127, PSOE 61, CiU 8, PNV 6, CC 5, PIL 1; Congress of Deputies - % of vote by party - PP 44.5%, PSOE 34%, CiU 4.2%, IU 5.4%, PNV 1.5%, CC 1%, BNG 1.3%; seats by party - PP 183, PSOE 125, CiU 15, IU 8, PNV 7, CC 4, BNG 3, other 5 Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo
| Spain | Life | Back to Top |
The Spanish people are essentially a mixture of the indigenous peoples of the Iberian Peninsula with the successive peoples who conquered the peninsula and occupied it for extended times. These added ethnologic elements include the Romans, a Mediterranean people, and the Suevi, Vandals, and Visigoths, Teutonic peoples. Semitic elements are also present. Several ethnic groups in Spain have kept a separate identity, culturally and linguistically.
| Spain | organization | Back to Top |
AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
| Spain | People | Back to Top |
In mid-1985, Spain's population reached 38.8 million, making it Western Europe's 5th most populous nation. The nation's population grew very slowly throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century and most of the twentieth. In the 1860s, the population increased by only about one-third of 1% annually; by the first decades of the twentieth century, this rate of increase had grown to about 0.7% per year. Between the 1930s and the 1980s, population growth rates hovered between 0.8 and 1.2% annually. In the postwar years, Spain began to exhibit population growth patterns very similar to those of most other advanced industrial societies. Growth rates were projected to level off, or to decline slightly, through the remainder of the twentieth century; Spain was expected to reach a population of 40 million by 1990 and 42 million by the year 2000. Observers around that the nation's population would stabilize in the year 2020 at about 46 million.
Spain has been invaded and colonised by many different peoples. The peninsula was originally settled by groups from North Africa and western Europe, including the Iberians, Celts, and Basques. Throughout antiquity it was a constant point of attraction for the more advanced civilizations of the eastern Mediterranean. From about 1100 BC the Phoenicians, the Greeks, and the Carthaginians began to establish settlements and trading posts, particularly on the eastern and southern coasts.
| Spain | Politics | Back to Top |
Basque Nationalist Party or PNV [Xabier ARZALLUS Antia]; Canarian Coalition or CC (a coalition of five parties) [Paulino RIVERO]; Convergence and Union or CiU [Jordi PUJOL i Soley, secretary general] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC [Jordi PUJOL i Soley] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN y LLEIDA]); Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Xose Manuel BEIRAS]; Party of Independents from Lanzarote or PIL [Dimas MARTIN Martin]; Popular Party or PP [Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez]; Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis Rodriguez ZAPATERO]; United Left or IU (a coalition of parties including the PCE and other small parties) [Gaspar LLAMAZARES]
| Spain | Provinces | Back to Top |
17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Baleares (Balearic Islands), Canarias (Canary Islands), Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna, Communidad Valencian, Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco (Basque nation) There are five places of sovereignty on and off the coast of Morocco: Ceuta and Melilla are administered as autonomous communities; Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera are under direct Spanish administration
| Mapzones | Ask Babynames | Webmaster | Actress | Map | Kids |
| Spain | Time | Back to Top |
| Spain | Currency and General Information | Back to Top |
| Countries Currency Unit | ESP/Unit | Units/ESP | |
| DZD | Algeria Dinars | 2.46763 | 0.405247 |
| USD | United States Dollars | 191.027 | 0.00523488 |
| ARS | Argentina Pesos | 64.8647 | 0.0154167 |
| AUD | Australia Dollars | 101.915 | 0.00981206 |
| ATS | Austria Schillings ** | 12.0917 | 0.0827011 |
| BSD | Bahamas Dollars | 191.027 | 0.00523488 |
| BBD | Barbados Dollars | 95.9932 | 0.0104174 |
| BEF | Belgium Francs ** | 4.12460 | 0.242448 |
| BMD | Bermuda Dollars | 191.027 | 0.00523488 |
| BRL | Brazil Reals | 82.1619 | 0.0121711 |
| GBP | United Kingdom Pounds | 272.377 | 0.00367138 |
| BGL | Bulgaria Leva | 85.4448 | 0.0117035 |
| CAD | Canada Dollars | 119.754 | 0.00835049 |
| CLP | Chile Pesos | 0.290999 | 3.43643 |
| CNY | China Yuan Renminbi | 23.0781 | 0.0433312 |
| CYP | Cyprus Pounds | 290.756 | 0.00343931 |
| CZK | Czech Republic Koruny | 5.38878 | 0.185571 |
| DKK | Denmark Kroner | 22.3971 | 0.0446486 |
| XCD | East Caribbean Dollars | 70.7506 | 0.0141342 |
| EGP | Egypt Pounds | 41.2362 | 0.0242506 |
| EUR | Euro | 166.386 | 0.00601012 |
| FJD | Fiji Dollars | 85.4705 | 0.0116999 |
| FIM | Finland Markkaa ** | 27.9841 | 0.0357346 |
| FRF | France Francs ** | 25.3654 | 0.0394238 |
| DEM | Germany Deutsche Marks ** | 85.0718 | 0.0117548 |
| XAU | Gold Ounces | 57,736.91 | 0.0000173199 |
| GRD | Greece Drachmae ** | 0.488293 | 2.04795 |
| HKD | Hong Kong Dollars | 24.4918 | 0.0408299 |
| HUF | Hungary Forint | 0.684253 | 1.46145 |
| ISK | Iceland Kronur | 1.91038 | 0.523455 |
| INR | India Rupees | 3.91416 | 0.255483 |
| IDR | Indonesia Rupiahs | 0.0194440 | 51.4296 |
| IEP | Ireland Pounds ** | 211.267 | 0.00473335 |
| ILS | Israel New Shekels | 40.2759 | 0.0248287 |
| ITL | Italy Lire ** | 0.0859312 | 11.6372 |
| JMD | Jamaica Dollars | 4.01232 | 0.249232 |
| JPY | Japan Yen | 1.44008 | 0.694406 |
| JOD | Jordan Dinars | 269.431 | 0.00371153 |
| LBP | Lebanon Pounds | 0.126173 | 7.92560 |
| LUF | Luxembourg Francs ** | 4.12460 | 0.242448 |
| MYR | Malaysia Ringgits | 50.2834 | 0.0198873 |
| MXN | Mexico Pesos | 21.2008 | 0.0471679 |
| NZD | New Zealand Dollars | 84.1440 | 0.0118844 |
| NOK | Norway Kroner | 21.5760 | 0.0463478 |
| NLG | Netherlands Guilders ** | 75.5027 | 0.0132446 |
| PKR | Pakistan Rupees | 3.18112 | 0.314354 |
| PHP | Philippines Pesos | 3.74415 | 0.267083 |
| XPT | Platinum Ounces | 99,138.53 | 0.0000100869 |
| PLN | Poland Zlotych | 46.4586 | 0.0215246 |
| PTE | Portugal Escudos ** | 0.829930 | 1.20492 |
| ROL | Romania Lei | 0.00580011 | 172.411 |
| RUR | Russia Rubles | 6.13838 | 0.162909 |
| SAR | Saudi Arabia Riyals | 50.9396 | 0.0196311 |
| XAG | Silver Ounces | 884.422 | 0.00113068 |
| SGD | Singapore Dollars | 103.695 | 0.00964369 |
| SKK | Slovakia Koruny | 3.98386 | 0.251013 |
| ZAR | South Africa Rand | 16.8190 | 0.0594565 |
| KRW | South Korea Won | 0.144629 | 6.91425 |
| ESP | Spain Pesetas ** | 1.00000 | 1.00000 |
| XDR | IMF Special Drawing Rights | 238.175 | 0.00419860 |
| SDD | Sudan Dinars | 0.734717 | 1.36107 |
| SEK | Sweden Kronor | 18.4372 | 0.0542381 |
| CHF | Switzerland Francs | 113.621 | 0.00880122 |
| TWD | Taiwan New Dollars | 5.46571 | 0.182959 |
| THB | Thailand Baht | 4.38620 | 0.227988 |
| TTD | Trinidad and Tobago Dollars | 31.2135 | 0.0320374 |
| TRL | Turkey Liras | 0.000142123 | 7,036.18 |
| VEB | Venezuela Bolivares | 0.207459 | 4.82022 |
| ZMK | Zambia Kwacha | 0.0427352 | 23.3999 |
| Spain : Geographic coordinates | 40 00 N, 4 00 W |
| Spain : Population growth rate | 0.1% |
| Spain : Birth rate | 9.26 births/1,000 population |
| Spain : Death rate | 9.13 deaths/1,000 population |
| Spain : People living with HIV/AIDS | 120,000 |
| Spain : Independence | 1492 |
| Spain : National holiday | Hispanic Day, 12 October |
| Spain : Constitution | 6 December 1978 |
| Spain : GDP | purchasing power parity - $720.8 billion |
| Spain : GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $18,000 |
| Spain : Electricity - consumption | 189.57 billion kWh |
| Spain : Exports | $120.5 billion machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, other consumer goods |
| Spain : Imports | $153.9 billion machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods; foodstuffs, consumer goods |
| Spain : Telephones | 17.336 million |
| Spain : Mobile cellular | 8.394 million |
| Spain : Radio broadcast stations | AM 208, FM 715, shortwave 1 |
| Spain : Radios | 13.1 million |
| Spain : Television broadcast stations | 224 |
| Spain : Televisions | 16.2 million |
| Spain : Internet country code | .es |
| Spain : Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 56 |
| Spain : Internet users | 4.6 million |
| Spain : Railways | 15,171 km |
| Spain : Highways | 346,858 km |
| Spain : Waterways | 1,045 km |
| Spain : Pipelines | crude oil 265 km; petroleum products 1,794 km; natural gas 1,666 km |
| Spain : Ports and harbors | Aviles, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadiz, Cartagena, Castellon de la Plana, Ceuta, Huelva, La Coruna, Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Malaga, Melilla, Pasajes, Gijon, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands), Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Vigo |
| Spain : Merchant marine | 135 ships |
| Spain : Airports | 110 |
| Spain : Heliports | 2 |
| Spain : Military branches | Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Civil Guard, National Police, Coastal Civil Guard |
| Spain : Military expenditures | $6 billion |