|
|
|
|
|
| Italy | Plants and Animal | Back to Top |
The flora of the central and southern lowlands of Italy is typically Mediterranean. Among the characteristic vegetation of these regions are trees such as the olive, orange, lemon, palm, and citron. Other common types, particularly in the extreme south, are fig, date, pomegranate, and almond trees, and sugarcane and cotton.Italy has fewer varieties of animals than are found generally in comparable areas of Europe. Small numbers of marmot, chamois, and ibex live in the Alps. The bear, numerous in ancient times, is now virtually extinct, but the wolf and wild boar still flourish in the mountain regions. The quail, woodcock, partridge, and various migratory species abound in many parts of Italy. Reptiles include several species of lizards and snakes and three species of the poisonous viper family. Scorpions are also found.
| Italy | Communications | Back to Top |
modern, well developed, fast; fully automated telephone, telex, and data services
domestic: high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks
international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3 for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and NA Eutelsat; 21 submarine cables.
| Italy | Culture | Back to Top |
Distinct regional and cultural differences in Italy make it impossible to draw a unified picture of daily life. A Milanese businessman's day differs considerably in both style and pace from that of his Neapolitan counterpart. Nevertheless, some general observations may be made. An considerable survey of people over the age of 14, undertaken in 1988 by the national statistical agency, ISTAT, showed that Italians spent almost half of their time either eating, sleeping, or cleaning and grooming. In general, men enjoyed more free time than women, who spent more time shopping, working, and attending to the needs of their families. While women spent an average of four hours per day doing domestic work, men spent only 50 minutes. Girls over the age of 14 studied more than three times longer than boys of the same age.
According to the ISTAT survey, Italians on the average devoted less than half an hour per day to intellectual activity and a mere eight minutes to political, religious, or volunteer activity, while more than 85 % of the population spent nearly two and a half hours per day watching television. Similarly, nearly two hours per day were devoted by more than 60 % of the population to meeting friends and relatives. These figures reflect the dramatic secularization of Italian society. The overall figures, belie valuable behavioral variations. For the more urban areas the emphasis has shifted to entertainment, particularly in the home. Television ownership is widespread throughout the nation, and increasing numbers of Italians own video recorders. On the other hand, fewer Italians go to the cinema than before, and participation in sport and physical activities is low, indicating a strong element of passivity in leisure time activities
| Italy | Defence | Back to Top |
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Carabinieri
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 14,248,674 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 12,244,166 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 304,369 (2001 est.)
| Italy | International Disputes | Back to Top |
Croatia and Italy made progress toward resolving a bilateral issue dating from World War II over property and ethnic minority rights
| Italy | Economy | Back to Top |
largely agricultural nation before World War II (1939-1945), Italy has developed a diversified industrial base in the north, which contributes remarkablely to the economy. In 1999 the gross domestic product (GDP) was around at $1.17 trillion, or about $20,310 per capita; industry contributed 26 % to the value of domestic output, services 71 %, and agriculture (including forestry and fishing) 3 %. Italy essentially has a private-enterprise economy, although the government formerly held a controlling interest in a number of large commercial and manufacturing enterprises, such as the oil industry (through the Italian state petroleum company) and the principal transportation and telecommunication systems. In the mid-1990s Italy was transferring government interest in many enterprises to private ownership. An ongoing problem of the Italian economy has been the slow growth of industrialization in the south, which lags behind the north in most aspects of economic development. Government efforts to foster industrialization in the south have met with mixed results, as problems with the workforce and the overriding determine of the criminal groups known collectively as the Mafia have discouraged many large corporations from opening operations there.
Italian economy was a “latecomer” to the industrialization process, the north has caught up and overtaken many of its western European neighbours. the south has lagged behind. The %age of the labour force working in agriculture is often taken as an indication of the rate of industrialization and wealth of a nation, and in Italy's case the figures clearly illustrate the grave imbalances existing between north and south. Against an EC average of 9.6 % in 1988, Lombardy compared favourably, with only 3.5 % of the population working on the land, while in Molise, 26.2 % were still engaged in agricultural work
Italy has a diversified industrial economy with roughly the same total and per capita output as France and the UK. This capitalistic economy remains separated into a developed industrial north, controlled by private companies, and a less developed agricultural south, with more than 20% unemployment. Most raw materials needed by industry and more than 75% of energy requirements are imported. Since 1992, Italy has adopted budgets compliant with the requirements of the European Monetary Union (EMU); wage moderation agreements by representatives of government, labor, and employers have helped to bring Italy's inflation into conformity with EMU requirements. Italy's economic performance, has lagged behind that of its EU partners and it must work to stimulate employment, promote labor flexibility, reform its expensive pension system, and tackle the informal economy.
| Italy | Education | Back to Top |
The Italian impact on European education dates back to the ancient Roman educators and scholars, outstanding among whom were Cicero, Quintilian, and Seneca. Later, during the Middle Ages, Italian universities became the model for those of other countries. During the Renaissance, Italy was the teacher of the liberal arts to virtually all Europe, particularly for Greek language and literature. The educational determine of Italy continued through the 17th century, when its universities and academies were Continental centers of teaching and research in the sciences. After a decline during the 18th and 19th centuries, Italian education regained international notice in the 20th century, partly as a result of the method for teaching young children developed by Maria Montessori.
| Italy | Government | Back to Top |
Italy has been a democratic republic since June 2, 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by popular vote. The constitution was published on January 1, 1948.
The Italian state is centralized. The prefect of each of the provinces is appointed by and answerable to the central government. In addition to the provinces, the constitution provides for 20 regions with limited governing powers. Five regions--Sardinia, Sicily, Trentino-Alto Adige, Valle d'Aosta, and Friuli-Venezia Giulia--function with special autonomy statutes. The other 15 regions were accomplished in 1970 and vote for regional "councils." The establishment of regional governments throughout Italy has brought some decentralization to the national governmental machinery, and recent governments have devolved further powers to the regions. many regional governments, particularly in the north of Italy, are seeking additional powers.
The 1948 constitution accomplished a bicameral parliament ,a separate judiciary, and an administrator branch composed of a Council of Ministers,headed by the president of the council (prime minister). The president of the republic is elected for 7 years by the parliament sitting jointly with a small number of regional delegates. The president nominates the prime minister, who chooses the other ministers. The Council of Ministers--in practice composed mostly of members of parliament--must retain the confidence of both houses.
The houses of parliament are popularly and directly elected by a mixed majoritarian and proportional representation system. Under 1993 legislation, Italy has single-member districts for 75% of the seats in parliament; the remaining 25% of seats are allotted on a proportional basis. The Chamber of Deputies has 630 members. In addition to 315 elected members, the Senate includes former presidents and several other persons appointed for life according to special constitutional provisions. Both houses are elected for a maximum of 5 years, but either may be broken before the expiration of its normal term. Legislative bills may originate in either house and must be passed by a majority in both.
The Italian judicial system is based on Roman law modified by the Napoleonic code and consequent statutes. There is only partial judicial review of legislation in the American sense. A constitutional court, which passes on the constitutionality of laws, is a post-World War II innovation. Its powers, volume, and frequency of decisions are not as considerable as those of the U.S. Supreme Court.
| Italy | History | Back to Top |
Italy is largely homogeneous linguistically and religiously but is various culturally, economically, and politically. Italy has the fifth-highest population density in Europe--about 200 persons per square kilometer.Minority groups are small, the largest being the German-speaking people of Bolzano Province and the Slovenes around Trieste. Other groups comprise small communities of Albanian, Greek, Ladino, and French origin. Immigration has increased in recent years, while the Italian population is declining overall due to low birth rates. Although Roman Catholicism is the majority religion--85% of native-born citizens are nominally Catholic--all religious faiths are provided equal freedom before the law by the constitution.
The Roman Catholic Church's status in Italy has been determined, since its temporal powers ended in 1870, by a series of accords with the Italian Government. Under the Lateran Pacts of 1929, which were confirmed by the present constitution, the state of Vatican City is recognized by Italy as an independent, sovereign entity. While preserving that recognition, in 1984, Italy and the Vatican updated several provisions of the 1929 accords. Included was the end of Roman Catholicism as Italy's formal state religion.
| Italy | Introduction | Back to Top |
Italy republic in southern Europe, bordered on the north by Switzerland and Austria; on the east by Slovenia and the Adriatic Sea; on the south by the Ionian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea; on the west by the Tyrrhenian Sea, the Ligurian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea; and on the north-west by France. It comprises, in addition to the Italian mainland, the islands of Sardinia and Sicily, in the Mediterranean Sea; Elba in the Tyrrhenian Sea; and many lesser islands. Enclaves within mainland Italy are the independent countries of San Marino and Vatican City; the latter is a papal state mostly enclosed by Rome, the capital of Italy. The area of Italy is 301,323 sq km.
Population 57,268,578 (1995 estimate) Population Density 190 people/sq km (491 people/sq mi) (1995 estimate) Urban/Rural Breakdown 70% Urban 30% Rural Largest Cities Rome2,687,881 Milan1,334,171 Naples1,061,583 Turin945,551 Palermo694,749 (1993 estimates) Ethnic Groups 94% Italian 6% Other including Sardinians and Rhaetians Languages Official Language Italian Other Languages Sardinian, German, Ladin, French, Greek, Albanian, Cata'lan dialect Religions 80% Roman Catholicism 20% Other including Judaism, Islam, and other groups
| Italy | Land | Back to Top |
N/A
| Italy | Languages | Back to Top |
The overwhelming majority of the people speak Italian, one of the Romance group of languages of the Indo-European family of languages . German is spoken around Bolzano, in the north near the Austrian border. Other minority languages include French, Ladin, Albanian, Slovenian, Catalan, Friulian, Sardinian, Croatian, and Greek.
| Italy | Legal | Back to Top |
Legal system: based on civil law system; appeals treated as new trials; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction vote: 18 years of age; universal (except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25) administrator branch: chief of state: President Carlo Azeglio CIAMPI (since 13 May 1999) head of government: Prime Minister (referred to in Italy as the president of the Council of Ministers) Silvio BERLUSCONI (since 10 June 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and approved by the president elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of both houses of Parliament and 58 regional representatives for a seven-year term; election last held 13 May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2006); prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by parliament election results: Carlo Azeglio CIAMPI elected president; % of electoral college vote - 70% note: a 12-party government coalition; note - BERLUSCONI's coalition includes Forza Italian, National Alliance, Christian Democratic Center, Christian Northern League Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of the Senate or Senato della Repubblica (315 seats elected by popular vote of which 232 are directly elected and 83 are elected by regional proportional representation plus, in addition, there are a small number of senators-for-life including former presidents of the republic; members serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 475 are directly elected, 155 by regional proportional representation; members serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 13 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 13 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: Senate - % of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - House of Liberties 177 (Forza Italia 82, National Alliance 46, CCD-CDU 29, Northern League 17, others 3), Olive Tree 128 (Democrats of the Left 62, Daisy Alliance 42, Sunflower Alliance 16, Italian Communist Party 3, independents 5), non-affiliated with either coalition 10, senators for life 9; Chamber of Deputies - % of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - House of Liberties 367 (Forza Italia 189, National Alliance 96, CCD-CDU 40, Northern League 30, others 12), Olive Tree 248 (Democrats of the Left 138, Daisy Alliance 76, Sunflower Alliance 18, Italian Communist Party 9, independents 7), non-affiliated with either coalition 15 Judicial branch: Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15 judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by Parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative Supreme Courts)
| Italy | Life | Back to Top |
The capital and largest city of Italy is Rome (population, 2000 estimate, 2,644,000), which is a famous cultural and tourist center. Other cities with large populations include Milan (1,301,000), an valuable manufacturing, financial, and commercial city; Naples (1,003,000), one of the busiest ports in Italy; Turin (904,000), a transportation junction and major industrial city; Palermo (684,000), the capital and chief seaport of Sicily; Genoa (636,000), the leading port in Italy and a major trade and commercial center; Bologna (381,000), a major transportation center and agricultural market; Florence (377,000), a cultural, commercial, transportation, and industrial center; Bari (332,000), a major commercial center; Catania (338,000), a manufacturing and commercial city of Sicily; and Venice (277,000), a leading seaport and a cultural and manufacturing center.
| Italy | organization | Back to Top |
AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 7, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
| Italy | People | Back to Top |
According to the 1991 census, Italy had a population of 56,778,031. The 2001 around population is 57,679,825, giving the nation an average population density of 191 persons per sq km (about 496 per sq mi).
Italians cannot be typified by any one physical characteristic, a fact that may be explained by the past domination of parts of the peninsula by different peoples. The Etruscans in Tuscany and Umbria and the Greeks in the south preceded the Romans, who “Latinized” the whole nation and maintained unity until the 5th century. Jews arrived in Italy during the Roman Republic, remaining until the present day. With the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West, Italy suffered invasions and colonization, which inevitably affected its ethnic composition.The Byzantines were dominant in the south for five centuries, coinciding with the supremacy of the Lombards (a Germanic tribe) in Benevento and other parts of the mainland. In the 9th century Sicily was invaded by the Saracens, who remained until the Norman invasion in the early 11th century. The Normans were succeeded by the Aragonese in 1282; in 1720 Sicily came under Austrian rule
Population: 57.5 million. Annual growth rate: .28%. Ethnic groups: Primarily Italian, but there are small groups of German-, French-, Slovene-, and Albanian-Italians. Religion: Roman Catholic (majority). Language: Italian (official). Education: Years compulsory--18. Literacy--98%. Health: Infant mortality rate--5.76/1,000 live births. Life expectancy--76.08 for men; 83.0 for women. Work force (23.8 million): Services--57.6%; industry and commerce--28.9%; agriculture--4.2%; unemployed--9.2%.
| Italy | Politics | Back to Top |
Center-Left Olive Tree Coalition [Francesco RUTELLI] - Democrats of the Left, Daisy Alliance (including Italian Popular Party, Italian Renewal, Union of Democrats for Europe, The Democrats), Sunflower Alliance (including Green Federation, Italian Democratic Socialists), Italian Communist Party; Christian Democratic Center or CDC [Pier Ferdinando CASINI]; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Rocco BUTTIGLIONE]; Communist Renewal or RC [Fausto BERTINOTTI]; Forza Italia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]; Green Federation [Grazia FRANCESCATO]; House of Liberties (formerly Freedom Alliance, a center-right coalition) [leader Silvio BERLUSCONI] - Forza Italian, National Alliance, Christian Democratic Center, Christian Democratic Union, Northern League; Italian Communist Party or PdCI [Oliviero DILIBERTO]; Italian Democratic Socialists [Enrico BOSELLI]; Italian Popular Party [Pierluigi CASTAGNETTI]; Italian Renewal [Lamberto DINI]; Italian Social Movement-Tricolored Flame or MSI-FI [Pino RAUTI]; National Alliance or AN [Gianfranco FINI]; Northern League or NL [Umberto BOSSI]; Radical Party (formerly Panella Reformers and Autonomous List) [Marco PANNELLA]; Southern Tyrols People's Party or SVP (German speakers) [Siegfried BRUGGER]; Union of Democrats for Europe [Clemente MASTELLA]; The Democrats [Arturo PARISI]
| Italy | Provinces | Back to Top |
20 regions (regioni, singular - regione); Abruzzi, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte, Puglia, Sardegna, Sicilia, Toscana, Trentino-Alto Adige, Umbria, Valle d'Aosta, Veneto
| FreeGK | Map4Travel | USA | Hotel | ATM | Mapzones | Webmaster | Actress | Map | Kids |
| Italy | Time | Back to Top |
| Italy | Currency and General Information | Back to Top |
| Countries Currency Unit | ITL/Unit | Units/ITL | |
| DZD | Algeria Dinars | 28.7163 | 0.0348234 |
| USD | United States Dollars | 2,223.02 | 0.000449839 |
| ARS | Argentina Pesos | 754.844 | 0.00132478 |
| AUD | Australia Dollars | 1,186.01 | 0.000843162 |
| ATS | Austria Schillings ** | 140.714 | 0.00710660 |
| BSD | Bahamas Dollars | 2,223.02 | 0.000449839 |
| BBD | Barbados Dollars | 1,117.09 | 0.000895180 |
| BEF | Belgium Francs ** | 47.9989 | 0.0208338 |
| BMD | Bermuda Dollars | 2,223.02 | 0.000449839 |
| BRL | Brazil Reals | 956.136 | 0.00104588 |
| GBP | United Kingdom Pounds | 3,169.72 | 0.000315486 |
| BGL | Bulgaria Leva | 994.340 | 0.00100569 |
| CAD | Canada Dollars | 1,393.60 | 0.000717567 |
| CLP | Chile Pesos | 3.38642 | 0.295297 |
| CNY | China Yuan Renminbi | 268.565 | 0.00372350 |
| CYP | Cyprus Pounds | 3,383.59 | 0.000295544 |
| CZK | Czech Republic Koruny | 62.7104 | 0.0159463 |
| DKK | Denmark Kroner | 260.640 | 0.00383671 |
| XCD | East Caribbean Dollars | 823.340 | 0.00121457 |
| EGP | Egypt Pounds | 479.874 | 0.00208388 |
| EUR | Euro | 1,936.27 | 0.000516457 |
| FJD | Fiji Dollars | 994.639 | 0.00100539 |
| FIM | Finland Markkaa ** | 325.657 | 0.00307071 |
| FRF | France Francs ** | 295.182 | 0.00338774 |
| DEM | Germany Deutsche Marks ** | 989.999 | 0.00101010 |
| XAU | Gold Ounces | 671,896.96 | 0.00000148832 |
| GRD | Greece Drachmae ** | 5.68238 | 0.175983 |
| HKD | Hong Kong Dollars | 285.017 | 0.00350857 |
| HUF | Hungary Forint | 7.96280 | 0.125584 |
| ISK | Iceland Kronur | 22.2316 | 0.0449811 |
| INR | India Rupees | 45.5499 | 0.0219539 |
| IDR | Indonesia Rupiahs | 0.226275 | 4.41941 |
| IEP | Ireland Pounds ** | 2,458.56 | 0.000406743 |
| ILS | Israel New Shekels | 468.700 | 0.00213356 |
| ITL | Italy Lire ** | 1.00000 | 1.00000 |
| JMD | Jamaica Dollars | 46.6922 | 0.0214168 |
| JPY | Japan Yen | 16.7585 | 0.0596711 |
| JOD | Jordan Dinars | 3,135.43 | 0.000318936 |
| LBP | Lebanon Pounds | 1.46831 | 0.681056 |
| LUF | Luxembourg Francs ** | 47.9989 | 0.0208338 |
| MYR | Malaysia Ringgits | 585.158 | 0.00170894 |
| MXN | Mexico Pesos | 246.719 | 0.00405320 |
| NZD | New Zealand Dollars | 979.202 | 0.00102124 |
| NOK | Norway Kroner | 251.085 | 0.00398272 |
| NLG | Netherlands Guilders ** | 878.641 | 0.00113812 |
| PKR | Pakistan Rupees | 37.0194 | 0.0270128 |
| PHP | Philippines Pesos | 43.5715 | 0.0229508 |
| XPT | Platinum Ounces | 1,153,696.61 | 0.000000866779 |
| PLN | Poland Zlotych | 540.648 | 0.00184963 |
| PTE | Portugal Escudos ** | 9.65807 | 0.103540 |
| ROL | Romania Lei | 0.0674971 | 14.8155 |
| RUR | Russia Rubles | 71.4337 | 0.0139990 |
| SAR | Saudi Arabia Riyals | 592.795 | 0.00168692 |
| XAG | Silver Ounces | 10,292.21 | 0.0000971608 |
| SGD | Singapore Dollars | 1,206.72 | 0.000828694 |
| SKK | Slovakia Koruny | 46.3611 | 0.0215698 |
| ZAR | South Africa Rand | 195.727 | 0.00510916 |
| KRW | South Korea Won | 1.68308 | 0.594150 |
| ESP | Spain Pesetas ** | 11.6372 | 0.0859312 |
| XDR | IMF Special Drawing Rights | 2,771.69 | 0.000360790 |
| SDD | Sudan Dinars | 8.55007 | 0.116958 |
| SEK | Sweden Kronor | 214.558 | 0.00466075 |
| CHF | Switzerland Francs | 1,322.23 | 0.000756299 |
| TWD | Taiwan New Dollars | 63.6056 | 0.0157219 |
| THB | Thailand Baht | 51.0431 | 0.0195913 |
| TTD | Trinidad and Tobago Dollars | 363.238 | 0.00275302 |
| TRL | Turkey Liras | 0.00165391 | 604.628 |
| VEB | Venezuela Bolivares | 2.41425 | 0.414207 |
| ZMK | Zambia Kwacha | 0.497319 | 2.01078 |
| Italy : Geographic coordinates | 42 50 N, 12 50 E |
| Italy : Population growth rate | 0.07% |
| Italy : Birth rate | 9.05 births/1,000 population |
| Italy : Death rate | 10.07 deaths/1,000 population |
| Italy : People living with HIV/AIDS | 95,000 |
| Italy : Independence | 17 March 1861 |
| Italy : National holiday | Republic Day, 2 June |
| Italy : Constitution | 1 January 1948 |
| Italy : GDP | purchasing power parity - $1.273 trillion |
| Italy : GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $22,100 |
| Italy : Electricity - consumption | 272.35 billion kWh |
| Italy : Exports | $241.1 billion engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals; food, beverages and tobacco |
| Italy : Imports | $231.4 billion engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing; food, beverages |
| Italy : Telephones | 25 million |
| Italy : Mobile cellular | 20.5 million |
| Italy : Radio broadcast stations | AM about 100, FM about 4,600, shortwave 9 |
| Italy : Radios | 50.5 million |
| Italy : Television broadcast stations | 358 |
| Italy : Televisions | 30.3 million |
| Italy : Internet country code | .it |
| Italy : Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 93 |
| Italy : Internet users | 11.6 million |
| Italy : Railways | 19,660 km |
| Italy : Highways | 654,676 km |
| Italy : Waterways | 2,400 km |
| Italy : Pipelines | crude oil 1,703 km; petroleum products 2,148 km; natural gas 19,400 km |
| Italy : Ports and harbors | Augusta (Sicily), Bagnoli, Bari, Brindisi, Gela, Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, Milazzo, Naples, Porto Foxi, Porto Torres (Sardinia), Salerno, Savona, Taranto, Trieste, Venice |
| Italy : Merchant marine | 445 ships |
| Italy : Airports | 135 |
| Italy : Heliports | 4 |
| Italy : Military branches | Army, Navy, Air Force, Carabinieri |
| Italy : Military expenditures | $20.7 billion |