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| Germany | Plants and Animal | Back to Top |
Germany today includes mostly areas that have long been cleared. forest conservation since the 18th century has preserved large areas of oak, ash, elm, beech, birch, pine, fir, and larch. About one-third of the nation is woodland. Of the many animals that once roamed the forests, deer, red foxes,and weasels are still common, but these animals and wilder game such as wild boars, wildcats, and badgers depend increasingly on conservation efforts. Private hunting licenses are extremely expensive, and even fishing in the streams and lakes where edible species abound is not promoted.Many species of songbirds migrate to Germany every year, as do storks, geese, and other larger fowl that fly in over the Mediterranean Sea from Africa. Herring, flounder, cod, and ocean perch are found in coastal waters.
| Germany | Communications | Back to Top |
Germany has one of the world's most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the nation has been modernized and integrated with that of the western part
domestic: Germany is served by an considerable system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available and includes roaming service to many foreign countries
international: satellite earth stations - 14 Intelsat (12 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), 2 Intersputnik (1 Atlantic Ocean region and 1 Indian Ocean region); 7 submarine cable connections; 2 HF radiotelephone communication centers; tropospheric scatter links
| Germany | Culture | Back to Top |
THE OPENING OF THE BERLIN WALL on November 9, 1989, was one of the most dramatic events of the post-World War II time. In the ensuing months, much more than just the graffiti-covered concrete panels of that infamous structure came crashing down during carnival-like celebrations. After four decades, the division of an entire continent, a nation, and a society came to an abrupt end.
A powerful force setting the revolutionary change in motion was a substantial movement of people from the German Democratic Republic westward. Throughout its forty-year history, the GDR had resorted to extreme measures to control its borders and halt the exodus of productive workers. The most extreme of these measures was the erection in 1961 of the Berlin Wall to check the sustained movement of East Germans to the Federal Republic of Germany whose booming economy had created millions of new jobs. Nearly three decades later, for a time of several years beginning in the summer of 1989, the appeal of West Germany, even with its economy mired in recession, prompted another wave of migration of more than 700,000 East Germans, most between the ages of eighteen and thirty.
By mid-1995 it appeared that the physical and administrative mergers of the two German states would be far easier to accomplish than the social aspect of the union. In the postwar time, the two Germanys had assiduously developed two mutually exclusive models of society. Thus, the major challenge lay in harmonizing and integrating these societies, which were only gradually emerging from the long shadows cast by four decades of separate development in antagonistic systems.
| Germany | Defence | Back to Top |
Military branches: Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm), Air Force, Medical Corps, Border Police, Coast Guard
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 20,851,022 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 17,760,412 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 482,318 (2001 est.)
| Germany | International Disputes | Back to Top |
None
| Germany | Economy | Back to Top |
Germany’s economic development was based on an alliance of industrial business people with the Prussian aristocracy who controlled much of the land. It emphasized the production of coal and steel, machines and machine tools, chemicals, electronic equipment, ships, and, later, motor vehicles. Well-organized business, labor, and farm associations in league with the government produced a typical “organized capitalism,” different from the less regulated capitalism of Britain and the United States. This strong economy carried the nation into two world wars and, contempt Allied bombing from 1942 to 1945, survived largely intact. After World War II ended in 1945, the Western powers saw the need to build up European economies in order to resist the threatened encroachment of the Soviet Union and Communism. To this end, the U.S. government in 1947 initiated the European Recovery Program, commonly called the Marshall Plan, which offered generous investment loans to all European countries that had been devastated by the war. Under the stewardship of economics minister Ludwig Erhard, the Marshall Plan helped launch a 20-year economic development in West Germany that raised living standards and industrial production far above prewar levels.
West Germany's economic achievement was impressive; the gross national product (GNP) rose by 8 % per year from 1951 to 1961, or at a per capita rate double that of Britain or the United States and nearly double that of France. Yet the postwar advance of the West German economy did not follow an unbroken line; there were occasional checks, as, for example, the one following the oil crisis of 1973–74. the upward trend was always resumed. The nation ranked fourth in the world for GDP, following the United States, Japan, and the U.S.S.R., and it was a leader in world trade. All this was achieved while maintaining the customarily low rate of inflation. West Germany was thus well prepared to sustain the economic shocks of unification with the much weaker economy of former East Germany, even though these proved to be considerably more severe than anticipated.
Germany possesses the world's third most technologically powerful economy after the US and Japan, but structural market rigidities - including the substantial non-wage costs of hiring new workers - have made unemployment a long-term, not just a cyclical, problem. Germany's aging population, combined with high unemployment, has pushed social security outlays to a level exceeding contributions from workers. The modernization and integration of the eastern German economy remains a costly long-term problem, with annual transfers from western Germany amounting to roughly $70 billion. Growth picked up to 3% in 2000, largely due to recovering global demand; newly passed business and income tax cuts are expected to keep growth strong in 2001. Corporate restructuring and growing capital markets are transforming the German economy to meet the challenges of European economic integration and globalization in general.
| Germany | Education | Back to Top |
Germany has one of the world's best and most considerable school and university systems. Although shortcomings exist, on the whole the nation's varied and multifaceted education system addresses well the needs of a population with widely differing characteristics and abilities. Some young people are best served by a orthodox classroom-based education that prepares them for study at a wide choice of institutions of higher learning. Others profit more from vocational training and education consisting of on-the-job training combined with classroom instruction. At the end of this kind of education, graduates enter the workforce with a useful skill or profession. Other students may choose one of many combinations of elements of these two paths, or decide later in life to embark on one of them by means of adult education and night school. Because education in Germany costs little compared with that in the United States, for example, and because educational support of various kinds is widely available, Germans are likely to obtain education and training suited to their abilities and desires.
school attendance in Germany is free and mandatory from age 6 to age 14, after which most children either continue in secondary schools or participate in vocational education until the age of 18. Kindergarten is not part of the public school system, although before unification East Germany had a nearly universal system of childcare facilities. Under the treaty of unification, the East German public education system was required to conform to the model in use in West Germany.Education in Germany is under the jurisdiction of the individual state governments, which results in a great deal of mixture. Most states in the former West Germany have a three-track system that begins with four years of Grundschule (primary school), attended by all children between the ages of 6 and 9.
| Germany | Government | Back to Top |
Government: Basic Law of 1949, as amended, functions as constitution. Federalist system whereby federal government shares authority with sixteen state (Land; pl., Länder) governments. Dual administrator consists of chancellor, who is head of government, and president, who is head of state. Two federal legislative bodies form national parliament: Bundesrat (Federal Council or upper house), consisting of sixty-nine members appointed by Land governments in proportion to population; and Bundestag (Federal Diet or lower house), main legislative body, consisting of 672 popularly elected members. Chancellor is elected by Bundestag and functions as prime minister in cabinet.
Politics: Since 1982 a conservative coalition in power con-sisting of Christian Democratic Union (Christlich Demo-kratische Union--CDU); its sister party, Christian Social Union (Christlich-Soziale Union--CSU), based in Bavaria; and Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei--FDP). Oppo-sition consists of Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands--SPD), Alliance 90/The Greens (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen), Party of Demo-cratic Socialism (Partei des Demokratischen Sozia-lismus--PDS), based mainly in territory of former German Democratic Republic, and a number of very small parties. Federal elections for Bundestag usually held every four years; Land and local elections scattered throughout term of federal officeholders. All citizens eighteen and older eligible to vote; high voter turnout.
Judicial System: Independent judiciary using civil law system. Highest court is Federal Constitutional Court.
| Germany | History | Back to Top |
People have dwelled for thousands of years in the territory now occupied by the Federal Republic of Germany. The first remarkable written account of this area's inhabitants is Germania, written about A.D. 98 by the Roman historian Tacitus. The Germanic tribes he describes are believed to have come from Scandinavia to Germany about 100 B.C., perhaps induced to migrate by overpopulation. The Germanic tribes living to the west of the Rhine River and south of the Main River were soon subdued by the Romans and incorporated into the Roman Empire. Tribes living to the east and north of these rivers remained free but had more or less friendly relations with the Romans for several centuries. Beginning in the fourth century A.D., new westward migrations of eastern peoples caused the Germanic tribes to move into the Roman Empire, which by the late fifth century ceased to exist.
One of the largest Germanic tribes, the Franks, came to control the territory that was to become France and much of what is now western Germany and Italy. In A.D. 800 their ruler, Charlemagne, was crowned in Rome by the pope as emperor of all of this territory. Because of its vastness, Charlemagne's empire split into three kingdoms within two generations, the inhabitants of the West Frankish Kingdom speaking an early form of French and those in the East Frankish Kingdom speaking an early form of German. The tribes of the eastern kingdom--Franconians, Saxons, Bavarians, Swabians, and several others--were governed by descendants of Charlemagne until 911, when they elected a Franconian, Conrad I, to be their king. Some historians regard Conrad's election as the beginning of what can properly be considered German history.
Within a few months, Hitler accomplished the "legal revolution" that removed his opponents. By 1935 his regime had transformed Germany into a totalitarian state. Hitler achieved famous economic and diplomatic successes during the first five years of his rule. in September 1939 he made a fatal gamble by invading Poland and starting World War II. The eventual defeat of Hitler's Third Reich in 1945 occurred only after the loss of tens of millions of lives, many from military causes, many from sickness and starvation, and many from what has come to be called the Holocaust.
| Germany | Introduction | Back to Top |
Germany, Federal Republic of (in German, Bundesrepublik Deutschland), nation in central Europe, bordered on the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; on the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; on the south by Austria and Switzerland; and on the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. For much of German history, Germany was a geographical term for an area occupied by many states. A unified nation for 74 years (1871-1945), it was separated after World War II into the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; commonly known as West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR; commonly known as East Germany). On October 3, 1990, East Germany, or the GDR, became part of the FRG, and Germany once again became a unified nation. It has an area of 356,959 sq km (137,823 sq mi). Berlin is Germany's capital and largest city.
Population 83,536,115 (1996 estimate) Population Density 234 people/sq km (606 people/sq mi) (1996 estimate) Urban/Rural Breakdown 85% Urban 15% Rural Largest Cities Berlin 3,477,900 Hamburg 1,703,800 Munich 1,251,100 Cologne 963,300 Frankfurt 656,200 (1994 estimates) Ethnic Groups 96% German 4% Other including Turks, Poles, Italians, and Yugoslavs Languages Official Language German Other Languages Sorbian, other minority languages Religions 35% Protestantism mainly Lutheranism 34% Roman Catholicism 2% Islam 29% Other including Judaism
| Germany | Land | Back to Top |
N/A
| Germany | Languages | Back to Top |
The principal and official language of Germany is German, an Indo-European language. Standard High German is used for official, educational, and literary purposes. Spoken German, differs from High German in the form of dozens of typical dialects and simplified street usage. One version, Low German, or Plattdeutsch, resembles Dutch and is spoken in the seaboard areas of the northwest. Southern dialects such as Swabian and Bavarian may be hard to understand for North Germans or for foreign visitors who learned only High German in school. There are small language minorities, such as the Sorbs of southeastern Brandenburg and the Danes of northern Schleswig-Holstein; both of these groups also have some cultural autonomy. The various immigrant populations also retain their separate languages, such as Turkish, Greek, Italian, Spanish, and Serbo-Croatian. the public schools insist that all children learn German.
| Germany | Legal | Back to Top |
Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction vote: 18 years of age; universal administrator branch: chief of state: President Johannes RAU (since 1 July 1999) head of government: Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998) cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor elections: president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 1999 (next to be held 23 May 2004); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held in the fall of 2002) election results: Johannes RAU elected president; % of Federal Convention vote - 57.6%; Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor; % of Federal Assembly - 52.7% Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (656 seats usually, but 669 for the 1998 term; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly described by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block) elections: Federal Assembly - last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held by the fall of 2002); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election election results: Federal Assembly - % of vote by party - SPD 40.9%, Alliance '90/Greens 6.7%, CDU/CSU 35.1%, FDP 6.2%, PDS 5.1%; seats by party - SPD 298, Alliance '90/Greens 47, CDU/CSU 245, FDP 43, PDS 36; Federal Council - current composition - votes by party - SPD-led states 26, CDU-led states 28, grand coalitions 15 Judicial branch: Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgevaluablet (half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat)
| Germany | Life | Back to Top |
Like most other advanced countries in the postwar era, Germany recorded fewer marriages, more divorces, and smaller families. In 1960 there were 690,000 marriages, compared with 516,000 in 1990. The total for 1993 amounted to only 442,000, but most of this decline was caused by a drop of than more 50 % in the number of marriages in the new Länder between 1990 and 1993. Until 1990 the decline in marriages in East Germany had been appreciably greater than in West Germany but not nearly as steep in the 1990-93 time. Just as the dramatic social changes brought to the new Länder by unification affected birth rates there, so they also affected marriages rates.
Another sign of the movement away from the orthodox concept of family and of the manifestation of sexual freedom was the rising number of out-of-wedlock births. In the late 1980s, about one in ten West German and three in ten East German births were to unmarried women.In the postwar time, it became clear that marriage had lost its former position as the only legitimate locus for sexual activity. In the early 1990s, polls suggested that 60 % of German sixteen-year-olds were sexually active, compared with 15 % in the 1950s.
In the past, when regional differences were acute, convention held that marriages between a Prussian and a Bavarian, between a Catholic and a Protestant, and definitely between a Christian and a Jew were "mixed" marriages. In modern Germany, only unions between Germans and foreigners are considered mixed. Of 516,000 marriages in 1990, about 6 % were between Germans and foreigners. Most often German women married Americans, Italians, Turks, and Yugoslavs, and German men married Yugoslavs, Poles, Filipinos, and Austrians. In 1974 legislation was passed conferring automatic citizenship on children born of these unions.
| Germany | organization | Back to Top |
AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
| Germany | People | Back to Top |
The population of Germany manifests trends characteristic of most advanced industrial countries: lower marriage rates, delayed marriage and child-bearing, low fertility rates, small household size, high divorce rates, and extended life expectancy. The population of indigenous Germans has been in decline since 1972 in the west and since 1969 in the east because the number of births has not kept pace with the number of deaths. In 1990 only five of the sixteen Länder registered growth in population because of natural increase.
Since the 1950s, the population of Germany has become more various. Millions of foreigners have migrated to Germany, seeking employment, citizenship, or asylum. In contrast to the native population, foreigners in Germany tend to have more children and larger households. In 1988 their average household size was 3.5 persons. Depending upon their origins and social status, foreigners in Germany have been integrated into society in widely varying degrees.
Characteristic of Germany, throughout its history, has been the deficiency of clearly defined geographic boundaries, particularly on the great lowland of northern Europe; both the area occupied by the German peoples and the boundaries of the German state (at such times as it existed) have fluctuated constantly. The German people appear to have originated on the coastal region of the Baltic Sea and in the Baltic islands in the Bronze and early Iron ages. From about 500 BC they began to move southward, crushing and absorbing the existing Celtic kingdoms; from 58 BC onward they clashed along the line of the Rhine and Danube rivers with the power of Rome. With the fall of the Roman Empire, German peoples, predominantly under Frankish tribal leadership, closely settled a large area west of the Rhine River in what is still German territory; they also penetrated deeply into Belgium and areas that later became France. The Merovingian and Carolingian empires knew no distinction between what are now France and western Germany; it is understandable that Charlemagne is recognized as an valuable figure in the history of both countries.
| Germany | Politics | Back to Top |
Alliance '90/Greens [Renate KUENAST and Fritz KUHN]; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian Social Union or CSU [Edmund STOIBER, chairman]; Free Democratic Party or FDP [Wolfgang GERHARDT, chairman]; note - Wolfgang GERHARDT will likely be replaced by Guido WESTERWELLE in May 2001; Party of Democratic Socialism or PDS [Gabi ZIMMER]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Gerhard SCHROEDER, chairman]
| Germany | Provinces | Back to Top |
16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen
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| Germany | Time | Back to Top |
| Germany | Currency and General Information | Back to Top |
| Countries Currency Unit | DEM/Unit | Units/DEM | |
| DZD | Algeria Dinars | 0.0290064 | 34.4751 |
| USD | United States Dollars | 2.24547 | 0.445340 |
| ARS | Argentina Pesos | 0.762470 | 1.31153 |
| AUD | Australia Dollars | 1.19799 | 0.834729 |
| ATS | Austria Schillings ** | 0.142136 | 7.03553 |
| BSD | Bahamas Dollars | 2.24547 | 0.445340 |
| BBD | Barbados Dollars | 1.12838 | 0.886227 |
| BEF | Belgium Francs ** | 0.0484838 | 20.6255 |
| BMD | Bermuda Dollars | 2.24547 | 0.445340 |
| BRL | Brazil Reals | 0.965795 | 1.03542 |
| GBP | United Kingdom Pounds | 3.20174 | 0.312331 |
| BGL | Bulgaria Leva | 1.00438 | 0.995635 |
| CAD | Canada Dollars | 1.40768 | 0.710391 |
| CLP | Chile Pesos | 0.00342063 | 292.344 |
| CNY | China Yuan Renminbi | 0.271278 | 3.68626 |
| CYP | Cyprus Pounds | 3.41777 | 0.292589 |
| CZK | Czech Republic Koruny | 0.0633439 | 15.7868 |
| DKK | Denmark Kroner | 0.263273 | 3.79834 |
| XCD | East Caribbean Dollars | 0.831657 | 1.20242 |
| EGP | Egypt Pounds | 0.484722 | 2.06304 |
| EUR | Euro | 1.95583 | 0.511292 |
| FJD | Fiji Dollars | 1.00469 | 0.995336 |
| FIM | Finland Markkaa ** | 0.328947 | 3.04000 |
| FRF | France Francs ** | 0.298164 | 3.35385 |
| DEM | Germany Deutsche Marks ** | 1.00000 | 1.00000 |
| XAU | Gold Ounces | 678.684 | 0.00147344 |
| GRD | Greece Drachmae ** | 0.00573978 | 174.223 |
| HKD | Hong Kong Dollars | 0.287896 | 3.47348 |
| HUF | Hungary Forint | 0.00804323 | 124.328 |
| ISK | Iceland Kronur | 0.0224561 | 44.5313 |
| INR | India Rupees | 0.0460101 | 21.7344 |
| IDR | Indonesia Rupiahs | 0.000228560 | 4,375.21 |
| IEP | Ireland Pounds ** | 2.48339 | 0.402675 |
| ILS | Israel New Shekels | 0.473435 | 2.11222 |
| ITL | Italy Lire ** | 0.00101010 | 989.999 |
| JMD | Jamaica Dollars | 0.0471639 | 21.2027 |
| JPY | Japan Yen | 0.0169278 | 59.0744 |
| JOD | Jordan Dinars | 3.16710 | 0.315746 |
| LBP | Lebanon Pounds | 0.00148314 | 674.245 |
| LUF | Luxembourg Francs ** | 0.0484838 | 20.6255 |
| MYR | Malaysia Ringgits | 0.591070 | 1.69185 |
| MXN | Mexico Pesos | 0.249211 | 4.01266 |
| NZD | New Zealand Dollars | 0.989094 | 1.01103 |
| NOK | Norway Kroner | 0.253621 | 3.94289 |
| NLG | Netherlands Guilders ** | 0.887517 | 1.12674 |
| PKR | Pakistan Rupees | 0.0373934 | 26.7427 |
| PHP | Philippines Pesos | 0.0440116 | 22.7213 |
| XPT | Platinum Ounces | 1,165.35 | 0.000858110 |
| PLN | Poland Zlotych | 0.546110 | 1.83113 |
| PTE | Portugal Escudos ** | 0.00975564 | 102.505 |
| ROL | Romania Lei | 0.0000681790 | 14,667.28 |
| RUR | Russia Rubles | 0.0721553 | 13.8590 |
| SAR | Saudi Arabia Riyals | 0.598784 | 1.67005 |
| XAG | Silver Ounces | 10.3962 | 0.0961891 |
| SGD | Singapore Dollars | 1.21891 | 0.820406 |
| SKK | Slovakia Koruny | 0.0468294 | 21.3541 |
| ZAR | South Africa Rand | 0.197704 | 5.05807 |
| KRW | South Korea Won | 0.00170008 | 588.208 |
| ESP | Spain Pesetas ** | 0.0117548 | 85.0718 |
| XDR | IMF Special Drawing Rights | 2.79969 | 0.357182 |
| SDD | Sudan Dinars | 0.00863644 | 115.788 |
| SEK | Sweden Kronor | 0.216725 | 4.61414 |
| CHF | Switzerland Francs | 1.33558 | 0.748736 |
| TWD | Taiwan New Dollars | 0.0642482 | 15.5646 |
| THB | Thailand Baht | 0.0515588 | 19.3953 |
| TTD | Trinidad and Tobago Dollars | 0.366907 | 2.72548 |
| TRL | Turkey Liras | 0.00000167062 | 598,580.88 |
| VEB | Venezuela Bolivares | 0.00243864 | 410.065 |
| ZMK | Zambia Kwacha | 0.000502343 | 1,990.67 |
| Germany : Geographic coordinates | 51 00 N, 9 00 E |
| Germany : Population growth rate | 0.27% |
| Germany : Birth rate | 9.16 births/1,000 population |
| Germany : Death rate | 10.42 deaths/1,000 population |
| Germany : People living with HIV/AIDS | 37,000 |
| Germany : Independence | 18 January 1871 |
| Germany : National holiday | Unity Day, 3 October |
| Germany : Constitution | 23 May 1949 |
| Germany : GDP | purchasing power parity - $1.936 trillion |
| Germany : GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $23,400 |
| Germany : Electricity - consumption | 495.181 billion kWh |
| Germany : Exports | $578 billion machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals and manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles |
| Germany : Imports | $505 billion machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals |
| Germany : Telephones | 45.2 million |
| Germany : Mobile cellular | 15.318 million |
| Germany : Radio broadcast stations | AM 51, FM 767, shortwave 4 |
| Germany : Radios | 77.8 million |
| Germany : Television broadcast stations | 373 |
| Germany : Televisions | 51.4 million |
| Germany : Internet country code | .de |
| Germany : Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 123 |
| Germany : Internet users | 18 million |
| Germany : Railways | 44,000 km |
| Germany : Highways | 656,140 km |
| Germany : Waterways | 7,500 km |
| Germany : Pipelines | e oil 2,500 km |
| Germany : Ports and harbors | Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden, Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Luebeck, Magdeburg, Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart |
| Germany : Merchant marine | 457 ships |
| Germany : Airports | 613 |
| Germany : Heliports | 59 |
| Germany : Military branches | Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm), Air Force, Medical Corps, Border Police, Coast Guard |
| Germany : Military expenditures | $32.8 billion |