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Costa Rica Map

Introduction   People   History   Culture   Life   Land   Animal   Economy   Language   Politics   Government   Education   Defence   Time   Currency   Legal   Communications  Legal system Organization   Provinces   Disputes  
Costa Rica    Introduction Back to Top

The nation's capital is San José. Costa Rica, republic in southern Central America, bordered on the north by Nicaragua, on the east by the Caribbean Sea, on the south-east by Panama, and on the south-west and west by the Pacific Ocean. The uncolonised and densely wooded tropical Cocos Island, about 480 km to the south-west in the Pacific Ocean, is under Costa Rican sovereignty. The total area of Costa Rica is 51,110 sq km.

Official Name- The Republic of Costa Rica
Capital City- San Jose
Languages- Spanish (official), others
Official Currency- Costa Rican Colon
Religions- Catholic, others
Population- 3,605,000
Land Area- 51,062 sq km
Costa Rica    Provinces Back to Top

7 provinces, Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose

Costa Rica    People Back to Top

Costa Rica is famous for having the largest %age of Spanish population in Central America. The Meseta Central, with more than half the nation's population, is the most predominantly Spanish region in both its manner of living and its ancestry. Spanish is spoken with typical national accents and usages. In Central America, a Costa Rican is called a Tico, for Costa Ricans replace the diminutive ending -tito with -tico, a practice known elsewhere but uncommon in Central America.

People of African ancestry live mostly in the Caribbean lowland provincia of Limón, which contains overall about 7 % of Costa Rica's population. They are the descendants of workers brought from the West Indies to build railroads and raise bananas, and most of them speak both Spanish and a Jamaican style of English, the majority being descended from people who came from that island. There are also a substantial number of Chinese, many of whom are also the descendants of imported labourers.

Costa Rica    History Back to Top

Human habitation of Costa Rica dates from at least 5000 bc, but in comparison with the great civilizations of pre-Columbian America the Native Americans of Costa Rica were neither numerous nor highly developed. When confronted by Spanish soldiers and missionaries, they resisted violently. Those who did not succumb to the epidemics that swept over the isthmus either died fighting or fled to remote areas. The political jurisdiction of the captain general of Guatemala and the spiritual guidance of the bishop of León in Nicaragua, Costa Rica was ignored by both administrations. The absence of great mines meant the collection of few taxes from the Ticos, as Costa Ricans called themselves; accordingly Spain provided little help in developing the infrastructure of the province.

In 1502 Christopher Columbus' fourth Atlantic voyage brought him to the shores of Costa Rica, where he remained for 18 days refitting his ships. Relations with the natives became friendly enough that they brought him a number of items of gold, possibly prompting Columbus to name the land “valuable Coast,” although there is some dispute over the origin of the name. Other more promising regions forced Spain to neglect the area, and the few Spanish colonists clung to the coast for 60 years. In 1564 the Spanish crown accomplished the Meseta Central village of Cartago as the first permanent settlement.

Costa Rica    Culture Back to Top

Most Costa Rican diversions are cosmopolitan rather than nationalistic in nature. The people attend films with great frequency, enjoying international cinema. They listen to an extraordinary mixture of music, particularly from the many radio stations in the nation. Residents of the Meseta Central attend the National Theatre, where the music played and the drama performed may come from any part of the world. Costa Ricans take a strong interest in their pre-Columbian art, which includes large statues from the Pacific northwest, smaller examples of carved relief in stone from other districts, and some fine work done in the form of small objects of gold. Samples of all these may be seen in the national museum. Guayabo National Park, near Turrialba, features the nation's only preserved pre-Columbian archaeological site. Genuine colonial architecture is rather scarce, the most famed example being a 17th-century mission in Orosí. Cartago's older buildings, destroyed by earthquakes, have in some cases been restored; new ones like them have also been built. Among the folk arts, Costa Rica is most famous for its highly decorative oxcarts.

Costa Ricans take a strong interest in their pre-Columbian art, which includes large statues from the Pacific northwest, smaller examples of carved relief in stone from other districts, and some fine work done in the form of small objects of gold. Samples of all these may be seen in the national museum. Guayabo National Park, near Turrialba, features the nation's only preserved pre-Columbian archaeological site. Genuine colonial architecture is rather scarce, the most famed example being a 17th-century mission in Orosí. Cartago's older buildings, destroyed by earthquakes, have in some cases been restored; new ones like them have also been built. Among the folk arts, Costa Rica is most famous for its highly decorative oxcarts.

Costa Rica    Life Back to Top

A majority of the people of Costa Rica are of European descent. Whites and mestizos people of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry account for about 96 % of the population; the small black community is largely of Jamaican origin. About 50 % of the population is defined as rural. Spanish is the official language, but English is also spoken by many educated people and some of the ethnic Jamaicans. Roman Catholicism is the state religion, but freedom of worship is guaranteed by the constitution.

Costa Rica    Land Back to Top

Two mountain chains together run almost the entire length of Costa Rica. These are, in the north, the Cordillera Volcánica, famous, as the name implies, for its volcanic activity, and, in the south, the Cordillera de Talamanca. The Cordillera Volcánica may be separated into three ranges: from northwest to southeast, the Cordillera de Guanacaste, the Cordillera de Tilarán, and the Cordillera Central. The Cordillera de Talamanca is a massive granite batholith, quite different geologically from the volcanically active northern ranges. Costa Rica's highest point is Mount Chirripó, in the Talamanca system, at 12,533 feet. Two of the highest peaks in the Cordillera Volcánica, Irazú-11,260 feet and Poás-8,871 feet, have paved roads reaching to the rims of their active craters. These volcanoes overlook the densely populated upland basin called the Meseta Central, and they pose a serious natural hazard, as do earthquakes for most parts of the nation.

Costa Rica    Plants and Animal Back to Top

Wildlife is extensive and includes puma, jaguar, deer, monkeys, and 850 species of birds.

Costa Rica    Economy Back to Top

The economy of Costa Rica remains basically agricultural, although manufacturing industries have been expanding since the early 1960s. In an effort to introduce economic variety, more emphasis has been given to the raising of farm animal. Overall living conditions are high by Latin American standards, and the nation has a large middle class. Between 1970 and 1987, Costa Rica received about $1.22 billion in loans and grants from the United States. In 1998 annual budget figures showed revenues of $ 2.9 billion and expenditures of $ 3 billion. Costa Rica is neither valuable, as its name "Valuable Coast" implies, nor as poor as many of its neighbours. The nation's wealth is better distributed among all social classes than elsewhere in Central America. Through the 1980s, the standard of living declined somewhat as a result of economic stagnation and inflation, and Costa Rica lost to Panama its place as the Central American nation with the highest per capita gross national product.

Costa Rica's basically stable economy depends on tourism, agriculture, and electronics exports. Poverty has been substantially reduced over the past 15 years, and a strong social safety net has been put into place. Foreign investors remain attracted by the nation's political stability and high education levels, and tourism continues to bring in foreign exchange. orthodox export sectors have not kept pace. Low coffee prices and an overabundance of bananas have hurt the agricultural sector. The government continues to grapple with its large deficit and massive internal debt and with the need to modernize the state-owned electricity and telecommunications sector.

Costa Rica    Communications Back to Top

general assessment: very good domestic telephone service domestic: point-to-point and point-to-multi-point microwave, fiber-optic, and coaxial cable link rural areas; Internet service is available international: connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); two submarine cables (1999)

Costa Rica    Languages Back to Top

Spanish is the official language, but English is also spoken by many educated people and some of the ethnic Jamaicans. Roman Catholicism is the state religion, but freedom of worship is guaranteed by the constitution.

Costa Rica    Politics Back to Top

Agricultural Labor Action or PALA [Carlos Alberto SOLIS Blanco]; Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Justo OROZCO]; Democratic Force Party or PFD [Jose M. NUNEZ]; Libertarian Movement Party or PML [Otto GUEVARA Guth]; National Christian Alliance Party or ANC [Alejandro MADRIGAL]; National Independent Party or PNI [Jorge GONZALEZ Marten]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]; National Liberation Party or PLN [Sonia PICADO]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Luis Manuel CHACON] Note: mainly a two-party system - PUSC and PLN; numerous small parties share less than 26% of population's support Political pressure groups and leaders: Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers or CATD (Communist Party affiliate); Chamber of Coffee Growers; Confederated Union of Workers or CUT (Communist Party affiliate); Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers or CCTD (Liberation Party affiliate); Federation of Public Service Workers or FTSP; National Association for Economic Development or ANFE; National Association of Educators or ANDE; Rerum Novarum or CTRN (PLN affiliate) [Gilbert Brown]

Costa Rica    Government Back to Top

Costa Rica is a republic governed under a constitution of 1949.

Costa Rica    Legal Back to Top

Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction vote: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory administrator branch: chief of state: President Miguel Angel RODRIGUEZ (since 8 May 1998); First Vice President Astrid FISCHEL Volio (since 8 May 1998), Second Vice President Elizabeth ODIO Benito -May 1998); note - president is both the chief of state and head of government Head of government: President Miguel Angel RODRIGUEZ-May 1998; First Vice President Astrid FISCHEL Volio -May 1998, Second Vice President Elizabeth ODIO Benito-May 1998); note - president is both the chief of state and head of government Cabinet: Cabinet selected by the president Elections: president and vice presidents elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa with 57 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms. Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Corte Suprema -22 justices are elected for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly.

Costa Rica    organization Back to Top
International organization Member

BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Costa Rica    Education Back to Top

Costa Rica has one of the highest rates of literacy in Latin America, around at 98 %. Primary and secondary education is free, and attendance is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 18. In 1998, 529,638 pupils were listed in 3,712 primary schools and 202,400 students attended public and private secondary schools. The prominent University of Costa Rica, in San José, was founded in 1843, and has an annual enrollment of about 29,000.

Costa Rica    Defence Back to Top

Military branches: Coast Guard, Air Section, Ministry of Public Security Force -Fuerza Publica Note: Costa Rica has no military, only domestic police forces, including the Coast Guard and Air Section
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 1,035,090 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 692,973 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 39,411 (2001 est.)

Costa Rica    International Disputes Back to Top

legal dispute over navigational rights of Rio San Juan on border with Nicaragua



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Costa Rica    Time Back to Top
Live Time and Date ( Click Here )

Costa Rica    Currency and General Information Back to Top
Costa Rica Colones United States Dollars
1 CRC 0.00285919 USD
349.750 CRC 1 USD

Countries Currency Unit USD/Unit Units/USD
DZD Algeria Dinars 0.0129554 77.1877
USD United States Dollars 1.00000 1.00000
ARS Argentina Pesos 0.341293 2.93004
AUD Australia Dollars 0.533413 1.87472
ATS Austria Schillings ** 0.0632609 15.8076
BSD Bahamas Dollars 1.00000 1.00000
BBD Barbados Dollars 0.502513 1.99000
BEF Belgium Francs ** 0.0215788 46.3417
BMD Bermuda Dollars 1.00000 1.00000
BRL Brazil Reals 0.430318 2.32386
GBP United Kingdom Pounds 1.42399 0.702251
BGL Bulgaria Leva 0.447293 2.23567
CAD Canada Dollars 0.627606 1.59336
CLP Chile Pesos 0.00152392 656.202
CNY China Yuan Renminbi 0.120813 8.27726
CYP Cyprus Pounds 1.49883 0.667186
CZK Czech Republic Koruny 0.0281883 35.4758
DKK Denmark Kroner 0.117155 8.53568
XCD East Caribbean Dollars 0.370370 2.70000
EGP Egypt Pounds 0.217271 4.60255
EUR Euro 0.870489 1.14878
FJD Fiji Dollars 0.447227 2.23600
FIM Finland Markkaa ** 0.146406 6.83034
FRF France Francs ** 0.132705 7.53550
DEM Germany Deutsche Marks ** 0.445074 2.24682
XAU Gold Ounces 301.977 0.00331151
GRD Greece Drachmae ** 0.00255463 391.447
HKD Hong Kong Dollars 0.128215 7.79939
HUF Hungary Forint 0.00358416 279.006
ISK Iceland Kronur 0.00999868 100.013
INR India Rupees 0.0205205 48.7319
IDR Indonesia Rupiahs 0.000102055 9,798.61
IEP Ireland Pounds ** 1.10529 0.904738
ILS Israel New Shekels 0.212386 4.70841
ITL Italy Lire ** 0.000449570 2,224.35
JMD Jamaica Dollars 0.0210041 47.6099
JPY Japan Yen 0.00754183 132.594
JOD Jordan Dinars 1.41057 0.708931
LBP Lebanon Pounds 0.000660937 1,513.00
LUF Luxembourg Francs ** 0.0215788 46.3417
MYR Malaysia Ringgits 0.263330 3.79751
MXN Mexico Pesos 0.111007 9.00848
NZD New Zealand Dollars 0.440474 2.27028
NOK Norway Kroner 0.113022 8.84780
NLG Netherlands Guilders ** 0.395011 2.53158
PKR Pakistan Rupees 0.0166945 59.9000
PHP Philippines Pesos 0.0196386 50.9202
XPT Platinum Ounces 510.962 0.00195709
PLN Poland Zlotych 0.243488 4.10699
PTE Portugal Escudos ** 0.00434198 230.310
ROL Romania Lei 0.0000303433 32,956.21
RUR Russia Rubles 0.0321342 31.1195
SAR Saudi Arabia Riyals 0.266668 3.74998
XAG Silver Ounces 4.65692 0.214734
SGD Singapore Dollars 0.542540 1.84318
SKK Slovakia Koruny 0.0208441 47.9751
ZAR South Africa Rand 0.0883340 11.3207
KRW South Korea Won 0.000759354 1,316.91
ESP Spain Pesetas ** 0.00523174 191.141
XDR IMF Special Drawing Rights 1.24862 0.800882
SDD Sudan Dinars 0.00384615 260.000
SEK Sweden Kronor 0.0964189 10.3714
CHF Switzerland Francs 0.593789 1.68410
TWD Taiwan New Dollars 0.0286531 34.9002
THB Thailand Baht 0.0230087 43.4619
TTD Trinidad and Tobago Dollars 0.163399 6.12000
TRL Turkey Liras 0.000000763622 1,309,549.07
VEB Venezuela Bolivares 0.00108696 920.000
ZMK Zambia Kwacha 0.000239866 4,169.00

Costa Rica : Geographic coordinates 10 00 N, 84 00
Costa Rica : Population growth rate 1.65%
Costa Rica : Birth rate 20.27 births/1,000 population
Costa Rica : Death rate 4.3 deaths/1,000 population
Costa Rica : People living with HIV/AIDS 12,000
Costa Rica : Independence 15 September 1821
Costa Rica : National holiday 15 September 1821
Costa Rica : Constitution 7 November 1949
Costa Rica : GDP purchasing power parity - $25 billion
Costa Rica : GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $6,700
Costa Rica : Electricity - consumption 5.303 billion kWh
Costa Rica : Exports $6.1 billion coffee, bananas, sugar; pineapples; textiles, electronic components, medical equipment
Costa Rica : Imports $5.9 billion raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum
Costa Rica : Telephones 450,000
Costa Rica : Mobile cellular 143,000
Costa Rica : Radio broadcast stations AM 50, FM 43, shortwave 19
Costa Rica : Radios 980,000
Costa Rica : Television broadcast stations 6
Costa Rica : Televisions 525,000
Costa Rica : Internet country code .cr
Costa Rica : Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3
Costa Rica : Internet users 150,000
Costa Rica : Railways 950 km
Costa Rica : Highways 37,273 km
Costa Rica : Waterways 730 km
Costa Rica : Pipelines petroleum products 176 km
Costa Rica : Ports and harbors Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puerto Limon, Puerto Quepos, Puntarenas
Costa Rica : Merchant marine 1 ship
Costa Rica : Airports 152
Costa Rica : Heliports N/A
Costa Rica : Military branches Coast Guard, Air Section, Ministry of Public Security Force
Costa Rica : Military expenditures $69 million