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| Colombia | Plants and Animal | Back to Top |
Colombia produced a mixture of crops for both export and domestic consumption; in the late 1980s, many had yields above regional and international levels because of the technological advances in production. Improvements in fertilizer, seeds, and machinery were particularly effective in enhancing yields for export crops such as coffee, rice, sugarcane, and potatoes. Many domestically consumed crops did not perform as well as export crops, largely because they were produced on small plots using orthodox farming techniques and were cultivated without the benefit of modern agricultural inputs. Colombia inadequacyed, the market incentives to offer these improved inputs for many consumable crops, a situation that contributed to lower output and a higher agricultural import bill. Coffee remained Colombia's primary export crop throughout the 1980s. The entire industry, including processing and transporting, accounted for about 8 % of GDP, contributed 12 % of government revenues, and generated around 50 % of foreign exchange. Coffee provided a livelihood for more than 300,000 farmers, and over 2 million jobs were linked to some stage of coffee production.
Cotton production developed, among other reasons, to offer the textile industry with raw materials. Both large and small cotton farms were found along the economically expanding Caribbean coast. After a substantial drop in the early 1980s, production surged again in the late 1980s because of increased land cultivation and improved yields. An additional 65,000 hectares of cotton--representing a two-thirds increase in total land cultivation--were sown in 1987 in anticipation of higher international prices. Food production for domestic consumption described the other major agricultural endeavor and included staple crops such as rice, beans, cassava, potatoes and wheat. Although Colombia had long sought self-sufficiency in food production, certain cereals, particularly corn and barley, were produced inefficiently and were not competitive with imports. contempt government intervention to improve the yields of these crops, planners doubted that production inefficiencies could be eliminated by the early 1990s.
15% of the cattle were raised for dairy purposes and the remainder for meat. Beef production stagnated and then declined slightly through the 1980s. Total beef output fell from 627,000 tons in 1983 to 620,000 tons in 1985 because of declining prices and lower profit margins. Milk output reached nearly 3 million liters in 1985. In contrast to beef production, the leather industry grew rapidly in the late 1980s. Leather output rose by 26 % in 1986; more than 300 enterprises, each employing at least ten workers, consumed nearly 1,400 tons of cattle hides valued at US$9.2 million. In 1986 the total value of finished goods--luggage, footwear, and other accessories--reached US$87.2 million.
| Colombia | Communications | Back to Top |
General assessment: modern system in many respects
Domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system; domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations; fiber-optic network linking 50 cities
International: satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat; 3 fully digitalized international switching centers; 8 submarine cables.
| Colombia | Culture | Back to Top |
Colombia is the 5th largest nation in Latin America and has the third largest population in the region. Unlike most of its Andean neighbors, Colombia is a nation of cities; almost 70 % of the people lived in urban areas in the late 1980s. In addition to Bogotá, the capital, which had an around population of 5 million in 1988, three other cities had populations of 1 million or more: Cali, Medellín, and Barranquilla. Fourteen other urban centers had populations of between 100,000 and 500,000. More than 100 cities had 10,000 or more inhabitants.
Three-fifths of the nation was sparsely populated tropical lowlands and jungle. 98% of the population was concentrated in the interior two-fifths of the national territory-- mainly in the narrow valleys and intermontane basins formed by the 3 ranges of the Andes Mountains that divide the nation from north to south. The dominant language was Spanish, and the large majority of the people were Roman Catholic. 70% of the population was of mixed blood; Caucasians, Indians, and blacks accounted for the rest. The nation's economic and political elite remained predominantly white, however.
In the twentieth century, the society began to experience change--not so much in values or orientation but in broadening of the economic bases and an development of the social classes. Improvements in transportation, communication, and education-- coupled with industrialization and rapid urban growth--opened the society somewhat by expanding economic opportunities. Individuals moved up from the masses into the lower, the middle, and inoften the upper classes. However, the orthodox upper class continued to dominate the nation by maintaining strict control over forces that promoted change and by absorbing or coopting other social sectors into the economic and political system. Generally, the upper class did not admit these upwardly mobile groups to the inner circle of power cliques and informal social contacts.
| Colombia | Defence | Back to Top |
Military branches: Army (Ejercito Nacional), Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Marines and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Colombiana), National Police (Policia Nacional)
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 10,779,148 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 7,205,211 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 379,295 (2001 est.)
| Colombia | International Disputes | Back to Top |
maritime boundary dispute with Venezuela in the Gulf of Venezuela; territorial disputes with Nicaragua over Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank
| Colombia | Economy | Back to Top |
Colombia is primarily an agrarian nation, although it experienced rapid industrial growth in recent decades. In the early 1990s the nation undertook an economic reform program that opened its economy to international trade and investment, and it is the only nation in Latin America that maintained scheduled payments on loans during a debt crisis in the late 1980s. For these reasons the nation enjoys one of the highest credit ratings in the region. Colombia’s agricultural area once was dependent on coffee as its principal cash crop, but has successfully diversified since a decline in international coffee prices in the late 1980s. Its mining area contributes remarkablely to the economy, with large deposits of fossil fuels, precious metals, and emeralds, of which Colombia supplies about one-half the world supply. The central government budget included revenues of $11.7 billion (1998) and expenditures of $16.4 billion (1998). The gross domestic product (GDP) in 1999 was $86.6 billion, or about $2,082 per capita. Not included in these official statistics is the economic impact of coca cultivation and the illegal cocaine trade, reportedly with profits worth $300 million annually in the early 1990s.
In the colonial time the economy was based almost entirely on gold mining, including the robbing of the metal from Indian graves (guacas). The modern economy is much more broadly based, with the exploitation of hydrocarbon fuels and several metals, agricultural production, and the manufacture of goods for export and home consumption. Private enterprise dominates the economy, and direct government participation is limited to such industries as the railways, petroleum, and telecommunications. The government has attempted to foster economic stability and to promote private enterprise through indirect measures, such as a favourable system of taxation and the extension of credit to new industries. Regional development organizations, such as the Cauca Valley Corporation, have been accomplished to promote more balanced industrial growth, with emphasis on hydroelectric power development and flood control. Economic growth was quite substantial through the mid-20th century, but in consequent decades inflation and unemployment grew alarmingly as the growth rate declined. Nevertheless, Colombia was one of the few Latin American countries not to suffer a debt crisis in the 1980s, and in many ways during that decade it had the healthiest economy in the region.
Colombia is poised for muted growth in the next several years, marking continued recovery from the severe 1999 recession when GDP fell by about 4%. President PASTRANA's well-respected economic team is working to keep the economy on track, maintaining low interest rates, for example. In accordance with its IMF loan agreement, the administration also is taking steps to improve the public sector's financial health. many challenges to improved prosperity remain. Unemployment was stuck at a record 20% in 2000, contributing to the extreme inequality in income distribution. Two of Colombia's leading exports, oil and coffee, face an uncertain future; new exploration is needed to offset declining oil production, while coffee harvests and prices are depressed. The deficiency of public security is a key concern for investors, making progress in the government's peace negotiations with insurgent groups an valuable driver of economic performance. Colombia is looking for continued support from the international community to boost economic and peace prospects.
| Colombia | Education | Back to Top |
The education area has grown explosively at all levels since the early 1960s. By 1987 primary-school enrollment had more than doubled, secondary-school enrollment had grown sixfold, and university enrollments had increased fifteen times. The literacy rate was around 89 % in 1987. Private schools accounted for 15 % of the enrollments at the primary level, 40 % at the secondary-school level, and 60 % at the university level. But the principal reason for the rapid development of the education system was the massive increase in public outlays for education.
Government funding for education increased fivefold in real terms between 1966 and 1986. In 1987 federal education expenditures described between a quarter and a third of the national budget. The nation's rapid urbanization fostered the overall development of education from the 1960s through the late 1980s. Various modifications in national legislation regulating education increased national government responsibility in education financing. In addition, mechanisms for revenue-sharing between the regions and the national government were developed. contempt considerable progress, major disparities in education quality persisted among social classes and regions, as well as between the public and private sectors and between rural and urban areas.
Elementary education is free and compulsory for five years. Much effort has been devoted to eliminating illiteracy, and 97 % of all Colombians over age 15 could read and write by 2001. Courses in Roman Catholicism are compulsory in all public schools, most of which are controlled by the Roman Catholic Church. Protestant churches maintain a number of schools, chiefly in Bogotá. The national government finances secondary- and university-level schools and maintains primary schools in municipalities and departments that cannot afford to do so. In 1996 some 4.9 million pupils annually attended primary schools; 3.3 million students attended secondary schools, including vocational and teacher-training institutions. In the late 1980s Colombia had about 235 institutions of higher education; total enrollment in 1996 was 644,200. Among the largest universities are the National University of Colombia (1867) in Bogotá, the University of Cartagena (1827) in Cartagena, the University of Antioquia (1822) in Medellín, and the University of Nariño (1827) in Pasto.
| Colombia | Government | Back to Top |
Government: Under 1886 Constitution, administrator, legislative, and judicial branches accomplished with separation of powers and with checks and balances; nonetheless, administrator retained strong policy-making authority. Chief administrator is president of republic, elected by direct popular vote for four-year term and constitutionally probibited from seeking consecutive terms. Legislative authority unconditional in bicameral Congress consisting of 114-member Senate and 199-member House of Representatives. Congress popularly elected for four-year term. Judiciary consists of twenty-four-member Supreme Court; various district superior, circuit, municipal, and lower courts; and Council of State. In addition to national government, Colombia separated into twenty-three departments, four intendancies, and five commisaryships.
Politics: Virgilio Barco Vargas of Liberal Party elected president in May 1986, succeeding Belisario Betancur Cuartas of Social Conservative Party, until July 1987 known as Conservative Party (Partido Conservador). Political institutions controlled since mid-nineteenth century by Liberals and Conservatives. Both parties characterized by factional rivalries in late 1980s. Minor parties included leftist Patriotic Union. Political system challenged in late 1980s by various leftist guerrilla movements and by narcotics traffickers linked to rightist paramilitary groups. Four major guerrilla organizations--Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia--FARC), National Liberation Army (Ejército de Liberación Nacional--ELN), Popular Liberation Army (Ejército Popular de Liberación--EPL), and 19th of April Movement (Movimiento 19 de Abril--M-19)--and several smaller guerrilla groups operated in 1988. Narcotics traffickers sponsored assassinations of numerous government officials and politicians.
International Relations: Generally adopted low profile, relying on international law and regional and international security organizations. Good relations with United States. Relations with Venezuela strained over border disputes, presence of undocumented Colombians in Venezuela, and activities of Colombian narcotics traffickers and guerrillas.
| Colombia | History | Back to Top |
The history of Colombia is characterized by the interaction of rival civilian elites. The political elite, which overlaps with social and economic elites, has shown a marked ability to retain the reins of power, effectively excluding other groups and social institutions, such as the masses and the military, from remarkable participation in or control over the political process. Members of the lower classes have found it difficult, although not impossible, to challenge or join the accomplished elite in the political and economic spheres. Their subordination dates to the rigid colonial social hierarchy that placed the Spanish-born above the nativeborn . Elite control of the military is the result of the "civilian mystique" that developed along with Colombian freedom. That mystique has successfully limited the military to nonpolitical functions, with three exceptions--1830, 1854, and 1953. Thus Colombia has a history rare for Latin America in that the nation has been controlled more by civilian than by military rule. Because military forces have been denied political power, the civilian elites have had only themselves, separated into rival groups, to contend with in the political arena.
The emergence of the National Front marked a remarkable break in the orthodox political and economic patterns in Colombian society. Interparty conflict receded and was replaced in the 1960s by leftist subversion, which continued through the 1980s. The illicit narcotics industry emerged in the 1970s as a dominant economic force, altering the structure of the national economy and disrupting existing social and political relations. The leadership in both parties proved unable to address inflation, unemployment, and a skewed distribution of income. The post-National Front Liberal tenure bequeathed a triple legacy to the incoming Conservative government in 1982: guerrilla activity, the corruptive drug trade, and an inequitable economy.
| Colombia | Introduction | Back to Top |
The capital and largest city is Bogotá. Colombia, officially Republic of Colombia, republic in north-western South America, bordered on the north by Panama and the Caribbean Sea, on the east by Venezuela and Brazil, on the south by Peru and Ecuador, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia is the only South American nation with coasts on both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The total land area is 1,141,750 sq km. .
Population 35,652,000 (1996 estimate) Population Density 31 people/sq km (80 people/sq mi) (1996 estimate) Urban/Rural Breakdown 70% Urban 30% Rural Largest Cities Bogotá 5,237,635 Cali 1,718,871 Medellín 1,621,356 Barranquilla 1,064,255 (1995 estimates) Ethnic Groups 58% Mestizo 20% White 14% Mulatto 8% Other including blacks, Native Americans, and people of mixed race Languages Official Language Spanish Other Languages Native American languages Religions 95% Roman Catholicism 5% Other including Protestantism and Judaism
| Colombia | Land | Back to Top |
N/A
| Colombia | Languages | Back to Top |
The official language of Colombia is Spanish, although a new constitution adopted in 1991 recognizes the languages of ethnic groups in their territories and provides for bilingual education.
| Colombia | Legal | Back to Top |
Legal system: based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted in 1992-93; judicial review of administrator and legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations vote: 18 years of age; universal administrator branch: chief of state: President Andres PASTRANA (since 7 August 1998); Vice President Gustavo BELL Lemus (since 7 August 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government Head of government: President Andres PASTRANA (since 7 August 1998); Vice President Gustavo BELL Lemus (since 7 August 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government Cabinet: Cabinet Cabinet consists of a coalition of the two dominant parties - the PL and PSC - and independents Elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; Vice president elected by popular vote for a four-year term in a new procedure that replaces the orthodox designation of vice presidents by newly elected presidents; Legislative branch: bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Senate or Senado-102 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms and the House of Representatives or Camara de Representantes-163 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. Judicial branch: four, coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justical (highest court of criminal law; judges are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council of Justice for eight-year terms); Council of State (highest court of administrative law, judges are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council of Justice for eight-year terms); Constitutional Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the constitution, rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to the constitution, and international treaties); Higher Council of Justice -administers and disciplines the civilian judiciary; members of the disciplinary chamber resolve jurisdictional conflicts arising between other courts; members are elected by three sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms.
| Colombia | Life | Back to Top |
In the 1980s, there were continued signs of change in the orthodox norms and patterns of family life, resulting from the high rate of rural-to-urban migration, the growth of urban industrial centers, and accompanying socioeconomic developments. The decline of the patricentric extended-family structure was apparent in urban society, as increased geographic and social mobility weakened kinship ties and extended greater freedom to young people. Families at the bottom of the social ladder were adversely affected by geographic dislocation and were increasingly less cohesive. They continued to be characterized by a large number of consensual unions and mother-centered households.
Orthodox elements of trust and mutual dependence among relatives, no matter how distant the relationship, were still strong. The already large circle of kin relationships was extended through the institution of compadrazgo, a complex form of ritual kinship. Ties with relatives and compadres (godparents) continued to be valuable in political and business activities and provided the low-status person with a wide circle of mutual assistance.
Moreover, regardless of the increasing acceptability of civil weddings, most middle-class and upper-class families still tried to offer their children with the most elaborate church wedding they could afford. In the lower class, consensual union, in which both the religious and the civil marriage ceremonies are foregone, was common. In rural communities with orthodox lower-class standards, formal marriage was regarded as neither valuable nor essential. contempt the efforts of the church to promote legal marriage within the lower class, people in this group generally regarded Catholic marriage as a heavy social and economic burden. At the same time, Catholic marriage was recognized as the ideal and the preferred legal, social, and sexual basis of the family. Although other kinds of union were more prevalent within the lower class, Catholic marriage often confamous superior social status and prestige. In contemplating religious marriage, both men and women might consider carefully the heavy costs involved against the prestige that would be gained.
| Colombia | organization | Back to Top |
BCIE, CAN, Caricom (observer), CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G- 3, G-11, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
| Colombia | People | Back to Top |
At the outset of the twentieth century, Colombia's population was around 4 million. By 1951 it had grown to more than 12 million. In mid-1988 it had reached an around 28 million. Population growth rose from 2 % annually in the 1940s to a peak of 3.4 % in the 1950s. It then slowed to the 2 % rate by the mid-1970s and appeared to have stabilized at that level through the 1980s. Even at this lower rate of growth, the population was projected to reach 38 million by the year 2000.
Life expectancy at birth was around to have grown steadily from forty-five years in 1951 to fifty-eight years in 1970, whereas the fertility rate remained nearly seven children per woman until the mid-1960s. The resulting rate of natural population increase between the late 1950s and the late 1960s was more than 3 % annually, one of the highest rates in the world. contempt a net emigration during the 1960s, total population growth remained close to 3 % through the end of the decade. Fertility began declining sharply in the mid-1960s to about four children per woman in the mid-1970s. The corresponding drop in the birth rate over the same time was among the most dramatic declines experienced in any nation. Taking into account net emigration, the World Bank calculated the actual population growth rate at about 2 % annually in the mid-1970s.
Around three-fifths of the population is mestizo. People of African and mulatto ancestry account for nearly one-fifth of the population and are mainly concentrated in the coastal departments and in orthodox sugar-growing areas such as the Cauca River valley. The white (European) population, which is mainly of Spanish origin, has declined to about one-fifth of the total. Indian peoples constitute only 1 % of the population, a much lower share than in other Andean countries. Unlike most other South American republics, immigration has never been much promoted in Colombia, although small numbers from the Middle East, non-Iberian Europe, and East Asia have been absorbed into the population.
| Colombia | Politics | Back to Top |
Conservative Party or PSC [Ciro RAMIREZ Anzon]; Liberal Party or PL [Luis Guillermo VELEZ]; Patriotic Union or UP is a legal political party formed by Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC and Colombian Communist Party or PCC [Jaime CAICEDO]; 19 of April Movement or M-19 [Antonio NAVARRO Wolff] Political pressure groups and leaders: two largest insurgent groups active in Colombia - National Liberation Army or ELN and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC; largest paramilitary group is United Self-Defense Groups of Colombia or AUC
| Colombia | Provinces | Back to Top |
32 departments and 1 capital district* ; Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Distrito Capital de Santa Fe de Bogota*, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada
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| Colombia | Time | Back to Top |
| Colombia | Currency and General Information | Back to Top |
| Colombia Pesos | United States Dollars |
| 1 COP | 0.000440529 USD |
| 2,270.00 COP | 1 USD |
| Countries Currency Unit | USD/Unit | Units/USD | |
| DZD | Algeria Dinars | 0.0129554 | 77.1877 |
| USD | United States Dollars | 1.00000 | 1.00000 |
| ARS | Argentina Pesos | 0.341293 | 2.93004 |
| AUD | Australia Dollars | 0.533413 | 1.87472 |
| ATS | Austria Schillings ** | 0.0632609 | 15.8076 |
| BSD | Bahamas Dollars | 1.00000 | 1.00000 |
| BBD | Barbados Dollars | 0.502513 | 1.99000 |
| BEF | Belgium Francs ** | 0.0215788 | 46.3417 |
| BMD | Bermuda Dollars | 1.00000 | 1.00000 |
| BRL | Brazil Reals | 0.430318 | 2.32386 |
| GBP | United Kingdom Pounds | 1.42399 | 0.702251 |
| BGL | Bulgaria Leva | 0.447293 | 2.23567 |
| CAD | Canada Dollars | 0.627606 | 1.59336 |
| CLP | Chile Pesos | 0.00152392 | 656.202 |
| CNY | China Yuan Renminbi | 0.120813 | 8.27726 |
| CYP | Cyprus Pounds | 1.49883 | 0.667186 |
| CZK | Czech Republic Koruny | 0.0281883 | 35.4758 |
| DKK | Denmark Kroner | 0.117155 | 8.53568 |
| XCD | East Caribbean Dollars | 0.370370 | 2.70000 |
| EGP | Egypt Pounds | 0.217271 | 4.60255 |
| EUR | Euro | 0.870489 | 1.14878 |
| FJD | Fiji Dollars | 0.447227 | 2.23600 |
| FIM | Finland Markkaa ** | 0.146406 | 6.83034 |
| FRF | France Francs ** | 0.132705 | 7.53550 |
| DEM | Germany Deutsche Marks ** | 0.445074 | 2.24682 |
| XAU | Gold Ounces | 301.977 | 0.00331151 |
| GRD | Greece Drachmae ** | 0.00255463 | 391.447 |
| HKD | Hong Kong Dollars | 0.128215 | 7.79939 |
| HUF | Hungary Forint | 0.00358416 | 279.006 |
| ISK | Iceland Kronur | 0.00999868 | 100.013 |
| INR | India Rupees | 0.0205205 | 48.7319 |
| IDR | Indonesia Rupiahs | 0.000102055 | 9,798.61 |
| IEP | Ireland Pounds ** | 1.10529 | 0.904738 |
| ILS | Israel New Shekels | 0.212386 | 4.70841 |
| ITL | Italy Lire ** | 0.000449570 | 2,224.35 |
| JMD | Jamaica Dollars | 0.0210041 | 47.6099 |
| JPY | Japan Yen | 0.00754183 | 132.594 |
| JOD | Jordan Dinars | 1.41057 | 0.708931 |
| LBP | Lebanon Pounds | 0.000660937 | 1,513.00 |
| LUF | Luxembourg Francs ** | 0.0215788 | 46.3417 |
| MYR | Malaysia Ringgits | 0.263330 | 3.79751 |
| MXN | Mexico Pesos | 0.111007 | 9.00848 |
| NZD | New Zealand Dollars | 0.440474 | 2.27028 |
| NOK | Norway Kroner | 0.113022 | 8.84780 |
| NLG | Netherlands Guilders ** | 0.395011 | 2.53158 |
| PKR | Pakistan Rupees | 0.0166945 | 59.9000 |
| PHP | Philippines Pesos | 0.0196386 | 50.9202 |
| XPT | Platinum Ounces | 510.962 | 0.00195709 |
| PLN | Poland Zlotych | 0.243488 | 4.10699 |
| PTE | Portugal Escudos ** | 0.00434198 | 230.310 |
| ROL | Romania Lei | 0.0000303433 | 32,956.21 |
| RUR | Russia Rubles | 0.0321342 | 31.1195 |
| SAR | Saudi Arabia Riyals | 0.266668 | 3.74998 |
| XAG | Silver Ounces | 4.65692 | 0.214734 |
| SGD | Singapore Dollars | 0.542540 | 1.84318 |
| SKK | Slovakia Koruny | 0.0208441 | 47.9751 |
| ZAR | South Africa Rand | 0.0883340 | 11.3207 |
| KRW | South Korea Won | 0.000759354 | 1,316.91 |
| ESP | Spain Pesetas ** | 0.00523174 | 191.141 |
| XDR | IMF Special Drawing Rights | 1.24862 | 0.800882 |
| SDD | Sudan Dinars | 0.00384615 | 260.000 |
| SEK | Sweden Kronor | 0.0964189 | 10.3714 |
| CHF | Switzerland Francs | 0.593789 | 1.68410 |
| TWD | Taiwan New Dollars | 0.0286531 | 34.9002 |
| THB | Thailand Baht | 0.0230087 | 43.4619 |
| TTD | Trinidad and Tobago Dollars | 0.163399 | 6.12000 |
| TRL | Turkey Liras | 0.000000763622 | 1,309,549.07 |
| VEB | Venezuela Bolivares | 0.00108696 | 920.000 |
| ZMK | Zambia Kwacha | 0.000239866 | 4,169.00 |
| Colombia : Geographic coordinates | 4 00 N, 72 00 W |
| Colombia : Population growth rate | 1.64% |
| Colombia : Birth rate | 22.41 births/1,000 population |
| Colombia : Death rate | 5.69 deaths/1,000 population |
| Colombia : People living with HIV/AIDS | 71,000 |
| Colombia : Independence | 20 July 1810 |
| Colombia : National holiday | Independence Day, 20 July |
| Colombia : Constitution | 5 July 1991 |
| Colombia : GDP | purchasing power parity - $250 billion |
| Colombia : GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $6,200 |
| Colombia : Electricity - consumption | 40.532 billion kWh |
| Colombia : Exports | $14.5 billion petroleum, coffee, coal, apparel, bananas, cut flowers |
| Colombia : Imports | $12.4 billion industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods |
| Colombia : Telephones | 5,433,565 |
| Colombia : Mobile cellular | 1,800,229 |
| Colombia : Radio broadcast stations | AM 454, FM 34, shortwave 27 |
| Colombia : Radios | 21 million |
| Colombia : Television broadcast stations | 60 |
| Colombia : Televisions | 4.59 million |
| Colombia : Internet country code | .co |
| Colombia : Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 18 |
| Colombia : Internet users | 600,000 |
| Colombia : Railways | 3,304 km |
| Colombia : Highways | 110,000 km |
| Colombia : Waterways | 18,140 km |
| Colombia : Pipelines | crude oil 3,585 km; petroleum products 1,350 km; natural gas 830 km; natural gas liquids 125 km |
| Colombia : Ports and harbors | Bahia de Portete, Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Leticia, Puerto Bolivar, San Andres, Santa Marta, Tumaco, Turbo |
| Colombia : Merchant marine | 13 ships |
| Colombia : Airports | 1,091 |
| Colombia : Heliports | N/A |
| Colombia : Military branches | Marines and Coast Guard, Air Force |
| Colombia : Military expenditures | $3 billion |